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Module 4 > Mod4 > Flashcards

Mod4 Flashcards

1
Q

Malakoplakia

A

Inflam response to chronic E. coli.
Females, diabetics, immunocompromised
Bladder and distal ureter, yellow raised lesions

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2
Q

Renal parenchyma ct number

A

30-40

Hyperattenuating renal mass 40-90

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3
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Males
Bladder involved
Passage of gritty soft tissue flakes

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4
Q

Pyeloureritis cystica

A

Multiple round filling defects( not plaques)

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5
Q

Oncocytoma

A 
Tubular adenoma
Benign
Central hypoechoic 
low attenuation central scar
unencapsulated
usually solitary but can be multiple (oncocytosis and birt-hogg-dube)
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6
Q

Breast mets

A 
Primary source
1. Lymphoma
2. Melanoma
Ovarian
Lung
3. Rhabdomyosarcoma
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7
Q

pagers disease of nipple most common associated cancer

A
  1. ductal ca in situ

2. invasive ductal carcinoma

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8
Q

adrenal met- the primary is from?

A

lung, colon, melanoma, lymphoma

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9
Q

follicular cyst

A

round, thin walled anechoic

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10
Q

corpus luteum cyst

A

hypo echoic with low level echoes,

first trimester of pregnancy

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11
Q

pcos imaging

A

> 12 follicles (3-12mm)

+/- ovarian volume >10ml when no follicles over 10mm present

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12
Q

pheo

A

high t2, low t1
avid enhancement
over 10HU
rule of tens=10% calcify, bilat, extraadrenal, malignant, familial

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13
Q

seminomas

A

homogenous

hypoechoic

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14
Q

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

A

in chronically obstructed kidney (often 2 to staghorn)

middle-elderly females

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15
Q

sertoli-leydig

A

smallsolid
secrete androgens -> virilisation
Or feminising
Bhcg afp, ldh normal

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16
Q

granuloma

A

sponge like

may produce oestrogen -> endometrial disease

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17
Q

metanephric adenoma

A 
middle-elderly females
polycythemia 10%
may be hyper attenuating
solitary
calicif in 20%
unencapsulated
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18
Q

haemagioma of kidney

A

unencapsulated
from renal pyramids or pelvis
early intense enhancement persists on delayed

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19
Q

juxtaglomerular cell neoplasm (=reninoma)

A

rare
triad= HTN, Hypokalaemia, high renin
unilateral, cortical, under 3cm

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20
Q

papillary necrosis

A

ischaemic damage to medulla of kidney
causes: diabetes, reflux nephropathy, analgesic nephropathy, pyelonephritis, renal vein thrombosis, sickle cell
IVU= clubbed calyces, calcification, sloughing of necrotic papilla and alteration in renal contour
lobster claw sign
signet ring sign

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21
Q

renal calculi v phlebo

A 
soft tissue rim sign (ureteric wall thickening) 
asymmetrical perinephric fat stranding
periureteral oedema
hydronephrosis
unlilateral renal enlargement
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22
Q

ureteral duplication

A

nubbin sign

drooping lily sign

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23
Q

small placenta

A

pre-eclampsia
IUGR
chromosomal abnormality
intrauterine infection

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24
Q

enlarged placenta

A

> 5cm perpendicular to long axis of placenta
maternal diabetes, chronic intrauterine infection (eg syphilis) , maternal anaemia, thalaseamia, twin-twin transfusion syndrom,

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25
Q

DTPA in pregnancy

A

doesn’t cross placenta

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26
Q

gadolinium in pregnacy

A

crosses placenta and circulates through amniotic fluid

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27
Q

testes trauma

A

right more susceptible to blunt trauma as it is higher
follow up intratesticular haematomas to resolution
uss intact tunica albuginia with no haematocoele = no testicular rupture
atrophic testis more likely to dislocate

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28
Q

krunkenberg tumour

A

mets in ovary
colon/stomach
bilateral, oval , contour of ovary preserved
can have low t2 solid components (= dense collagenous stroma)

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29
Q

fibrothecoma

A

oestrogen producing,
80% in postmenopausal
solid hypoechoic
acoustic shadowing in 30%

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30
Q

immature teratoma

A

elevated aFP

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31
Q

sclerosing stromal tumours

A

women under 30

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32
Q

ovary tumours-

A

epithelial:( serous / mucinous cystadenoma), endometriod carcinoma, clear cell, brannier
Germ cell: dysgerminoma, embryonal cell cancer, choriocarcinoma, teratoma, yolk sac
sex chord-stromal: granulosa cell tumour, sertoli-leydig, the coma and fibroma

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33
Q

Adrenal tumour mets to

A

Lung
Liver
Bone
Lymph

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34
Q

Adrenal adenoma

A

50%washout

If not then biopsy of new or known primary

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35
Q

Wolmans

A

Ar lipoidosis
Fatal in first year
Hepatosplenomegally
Punctate adrenal calcification

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36
Q

Adrenal myelolipoma

A

Fatty

Acute retroperitoneal haemorrhage in 12%

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37
Q

Conns

A

Hyperaldosteronism

Adrenal hyperplasia, adenoma, ca

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38
Q

Mibg positive for

A 
Neuroblastoma
Carcinoid
Paraganglioma
Medullary thyroid ca
Ganglioneuroma
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39
Q

Malig calcif

A

Casting
Linear
Segmental
Clustered

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40
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Scattered
Bilateral
Radiolucent centres
May be localised clusters

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41
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

Irregular
Coarse
Popcorn
Typically peripheral but may be central / eccentric ( as in ca)

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42
Q

Well defined breast opacity

>5cm

A 
Giant cyst
Giant fibroadenoma
Lipoma
Sebaceous cyst
Cystosarcoma phyllodes
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43
Q

46xxy

A

Klinefelters

20x increase in breast cancer risk

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44
Q

Breast mr indications

A 
Axillary met but no 1•
Dense breast + high risk LCIS
Brca+
Assessing response to neoadju chemo
Suspected multifical breast ca
( not sensitive for dcis)
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45
Q

Figo staging ovarian ca

A

?

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46
Q

Endometrial thickness

A

Post meno: <16

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47
Q

T2 uterus

A

Endo high
Junctional low
Myo medium

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48
Q

Uric acid stones

A

Visible on ct but not plain film

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49
Q

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

A

Plaque like mass

Narrows and medially displaces ureters at l4-5

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50
Q

Adrenal cortical ca

A

Heterogenously hyper intense to liver in t1&2

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51
Q

Adrenal dimensions

A

Width <1cm

Length can be 4

52
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

Increased ACTH

Hyperplasia adrenal cortex and rest tissue ( retro peritoneum and testes)

53
Q

Rhabdoid tumour of kidney

A

Central heterogenous with peripheral crescent sub capsular fluid collection

54
Q

Mesoblastic nephroma

A 
Solid intrarenal
Uniform enhancement( less than parenchyma) with low attenuation
55
Q

Wilms

A

Well defined heterogenous partially cystic mass with claw of renal tissue

56
Q

Fibroadenolipoma of breast

A

Slice of sausage
Well circ
Pseudo capsule
Halo

57
Q

Pagets of nipple ac

A

Ductal ca in situ in 60%
Invasive ductal ca in 30%
Neg mammo in 50%

58
Q

Intracapsular rupture

A

Uss- step ladder
MRI linguine , teardrop/lasso
Water droplet / salad oil

59
Q

Extracapsular

A

Snowstorm posteriorly ( silicone droplets mixed with breast tissue)

60
Q

Mondor

A

Self limiting thrombophlebitis of sub cut veins

Ac ca and dvt

61
Q

Plasma cell mastitis

A 
= mammary duct ectasia
54 yrs
Duct dilation > 2mm up to nipple 
Can be bilateral
Aseptic inflamm of subareolar 
Calcifications associated, linear wide calibre
62
Q

Adrenal tumour mets to

A

Lung
Liver
Bone
Lymph

63
Q

Adrenal adenoma

A

50%washout

If not then biopsy of new or known primary

64
Q

Wolmans

A

Ar lipoidosis
Fatal in first year
Hepatosplenomegally
Punctate adrenal calcification

65
Q

Adrenal myelolipoma

A

Fatty

Acute retroperitoneal haemorrhage in 12%

66
Q

Conns

A

Hyperaldosteronism

Adrenal hyperplasia, adenoma, ca

67
Q

Mibg positive for

A 
Neuroblastoma
Carcinoid
Paraganglioma
Medullary thyroid ca
Ganglioneuroma
68
Q

Malig calcif

A

Casting
Linear
Segmental
Clustered

69
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Scattered
Bilateral
Radiolucent centres
May be localised clusters

70
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

Irregular
Coarse
Popcorn
Typically peripheral but may be central / eccentric ( as in ca)

71
Q

Well defined breast opacity

>5cm

A 
Giant cyst
Giant fibroadenoma
Lipoma
Sebaceous cyst
Cystosarcoma phyllodes
72
Q

46xxy

A

Klinefelters

20x increase in breast cancer risk

73
Q

Breast mr indications

A 
Axillary met but no 1•
Dense breast + high risk LCIS
Brca+
Assessing response to neoadju chemo
Suspected multifical breast ca
( not sensitive for dcis)
74
Q

Figo staging ovarian ca

A

?

75
Q

Endometrial thickness

A

Post meno: <16

76
Q

T2 uterus

A

Endo high
Junctional low
Myo medium

77
Q

Uric acid stones

A

Visible on ct but not plain film

78
Q

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

A

Plaque like mass

Narrows and medially displaces ureters at l4-5

79
Q

Adrenal cortical ca

A

Heterogenously hyper intense to liver in t1&2

80
Q

Adrenal dimensions

A

Width <1cm

Length can be 4

81
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

Increased ACTH

Hyperplasia adrenal cortex and rest tissue ( retro peritoneum and testes)

82
Q

Rhabdoid tumour of kidney

A

Central heterogenous with peripheral crescent sub capsular fluid collection

83
Q

Mesoblastic nephroma

A 
Solid intrarenal
Uniform enhancement( less than parenchyma) with low attenuation
84
Q

Wilms

A

Well defined heterogenous partially cystic mass with claw of renal tissue

85
Q

Fibroadenolipoma of breast

A

Slice of sausage
Well circ
Pseudo capsule
Halo

86
Q

Pagets of nipple ac

A

Ductal ca in situ in 60%
Invasive ductal ca in 30%
Neg mammo in 50%

87
Q

Intracapsular rupture

A

Uss- step ladder
MRI linguine , teardrop/lasso
Water droplet / salad oil

88
Q

Extracapsular

A

Snowstorm posteriorly ( silicone droplets mixed with breast tissue)

89
Q

Mondor

A

Self limiting thrombophlebitis of sub cut veins

Ac ca and dvt

90
Q

Plasma cell mastitis

A 
= mammary duct ectasia
54 yrs
Duct dilation > 2mm up to nipple 
Can be bilateral
Aseptic inflamm of subareolar 
Calcifications associated, linear wide calibre
91
Q

Subserosal bladder rupture

A

Elliptical extravasation adjacent to bladder

92
Q

Straddle injury

A

Bulbous urethra

Abrupt short stricture

93
Q

Pelvic # urethral damage

A

At junction between prostatic and memb

94
Q

Mesoblastic nephroma

A

Commonest solid renal mass in neonate
Well defined cleavage plane
No extension into renal vein ( wilms)
Not extending into pelvis (multilociuar cystic nephroma)

95
Q

Contrast induced nephropathy

A

<25% or 44 cr increase in 3 days with no alternative aetiology

96
Q

Ar pkd

A

4 age groups of onset
Ductal proliferation and dilatation
Hepatic fibrosis~> death from portal. Htn

97
Q

Nephrostomies

A

Posterior inter ( easier to stent) or lower pole calyx

98
Q

Goodpastures

A

Glomerulonephritis and pulmonary haemorrhage secondary to antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies
Excessive renal sinus fat
Enlarged then small kidneys

99
Q

Renal biopsy contraindications

A

Single kidney

100
Q

Elevated afp

A

Foetal abnormalities ( usually neural tube defects, also renal and ant abdo wall abnormalities )
More advanced than expected pregnancy
Twins
Missed abortion

101
Q

Endometrial polyp

A

Well defined
Hyperechoic
Homogenous
Vessel within stalk on Doppler

102
Q

Fibroid signal

A

Iso to myometeiun on t1

Low on t2

103
Q

Beckwith wiedermann

A

Omphalocoele
Macroglossia
Gigantism
Ac wilms, adrenocortical neoplasm, hepatoblastoma

104
Q

Spinabifida ac

A

Chiari
( lemon frontally
Banana cerebellum )

105
Q

Tb renal tract

A

Starts in kidney then distally
-> scarred contracted bladder
Granulomas can -> filling defects

106
Q

Fourniers gangrene

A

Nec fasciitis scrotum

107
Q

TCC staging

A

T1 MRI to look for fat invasion and mets to lymph and bone

108
Q

Ca prostate

A

> 30

Peripheral change

109
Q

Bph

A

Central enlargement with calcium and mixed echogenicity

110
Q

Ascending pyelonephritis

A

Alternating Hypo and Hyperattenuation of renal parenchyma
( striated nephrogram)
Tubular obstruction, interstitial oedema and vasospasm)
On delayed 3-6 hr hypoattenuating areas now enhancing
Haematogenous seeding of pyelonephritis -> round hypoattenuating lesions

111
Q

Most likely cause of post transplant ureteral obstruction

A

Ureteral ischaemia

112
Q

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma

A

Commonest soft tissue sarcoma

Bowel of fruit( mixture of solid, cystic, calcified, haem)

113
Q

Multilocular cystic renal tumour

A

Projects into collecting system
Enhancing septa
Either cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma ( male 3 months- 4 yrs) or cystic nephroma ( female 40-60)

114
Q

Post rf renal tumour

A

Bulls eye

Thin halo fat seperating treated tumour and soft tissue rim

115
Q

Commonest bladder rupture type

A

Extraperitoneal( pelvic injuries)

Intraperitoneal needs surgery

116
Q

Gadolinium

A

Contraindicated in gfr< 30

117
Q

HIV nephropathy

A

Glomerulosclerosis

Enlarged echogenic kidneys with pelvicalyceal thickening

118
Q

Papillary rcc

A 
Second commonest ( after clear cell)
From proximal convoluted tubule)
More homogenous and hypovascular) 
More multifocal and bilateral 
Best prognosis
119
Q

Ureterocoele detected

A

Early filling vcug

120
Q

Adult pcd

A 
Ad
Ac mitral valve prolapse
Renal calculus
Uti
Rcc
121
Q

Urachal tumours

A

Usually Adeno

In young pts sarcoma

122
Q

Bhcg raised in

A

chorio, seminoma

123
Q

Afp raised in

A

Yolk sac tumours

124
Q

Comet tail sign

A

Phleboliths

125
Q

Staghorn calculus composed of

A

Magnesium ammonium

126
Q

Normal Mibg uptake in

A

Heart, liver, spleen, bladder, adrenals, salivary, nasopharnx, thyroid, colon

127
Q

Epidermoid in testicle

A

Hypoechoic with hyperechoic rings

Onion skin

Module 4 (1 decks)

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