Models of memory & Atkinson–Shiffrin multi-store model

Question 1

encoding

Answer 1

conversion of sensory information into a usable form so that it can be neurologically represented (‘placed’) and stored in memory

Question 2

storage

Answer 2

retention of the encoded information over time

Question 3

retrieval

Answer 3

recovery of stored information for use when needed.

Question 4

Sensory memory

Answer 4

Receives sensory information from the environment
Enables perceptual continuity for the world around us

Question 5

sensory memory capacity

Answer 5

Vast, potentially unlimited

Question 6

sensory memory duration

Answer 6

Momentary — about 0.2–4 seconds

Question 7

Short-term memory (STM)

Answer 7

Receives information from sensory memory and transfers information to and from LTM
Maintains information in conscious awareness for immediate use

Question 8

short-term memory capacity

Answer 8

7 ± 2 pieces of information

Question 9

short term memory duration

Answer 9

Temporary — 18–20 seconds, possibly up to 30 seconds
Longer if renewed (e.g. repetition/maintenance rehearsal; using for ‘working memory’)

Question 10

Long-term memory (LTM)

Answer 10

Information storage for re-access and use at a later time

Question 11

long-term memory capacity

Answer 11

Vast, potentially unlimited

Question 12

long-term memory duration

Answer 12

Potentially permanent
Some information may be lost or inaccessible over time
Indefinite