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Living Environment 23-24 > Modern Genetics > Flashcards

Modern Genetics Flashcards

for vocab only

1
Q

Codon

A

a set of 3 nitrogen bases on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

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2
Q

Deoxyribose

A

the sugar in DNA

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3
Q

Diploid (2n)

A

the total number of chromosome for a species (humans = 46)

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4
Q

DNA

A

contains instructions needed to make protein

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5
Q

sex cells (sperm and egg cells or ovum and pollen) made during meiosis.

A

Gametes

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6
Q

Gene expression

A

the process of using genetic information to make a protein when needed

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7
Q

Haploid (n)

A

the number of chromosomes in a sex cell (Humans = 23)

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8
Q

Homologous Chromosomes

A

Chromosomes that contain the same genetic information.

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9
Q

Molecular base

A

a part of a nucleotide (A, T, C, G)

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10
Q

mRNA

A

made in the nucleus, is the message of what protein to make. (a single stranded molecule that carries the information from DNA to the Ribosome to make proteins)

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11
Q

Mutation

A

a change in DNA caused by a mutagenic agent

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12
Q

Non-homologous structures

A

two chromosomes that do not match; do not contain the same genetic information.

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13
Q

Nucleotide

A

The building block of DNA

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14
Q

Polypeptide

A

an unfinished protein (string of amino acids)

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15
Q

Protein synthesis

A

process of making proteins

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16
Q

Ribose

A

Sugar in RNA

17
Q

Ribosome

A

cell organelle where proteins are made

18
Q

Transcription

A

process of making mRNA from DNA

19
Q

Translation

A

process of making proteins from mRNA

20
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Down syndrome- caused by having 3 #21 chromosomes instead of 2

21
Q

tRNA

A

gets amino acids from cytoplasm to the ribosome

22
Q

Meiosis

A

process of making sex cells

23
Q

Mutagenic Agent

A

Something that causes a change in DNA. X-rays, UV rays, etc.

24
Q

allele

A

different forms of a trait

Living Environment 23-24 (2 decks)

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