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Purposive Communication prelim exam > module 1 > Flashcards

module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Latin word of communication

A

Communicare

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2
Q

A common understanding of something

A

Chase and Shamo (2013)

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3
Q

Said that communication as the simultaneous sharing and creating of meaning through human symbolic interaction

A

Seiler and Beall (1999)

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4
Q

Said that communication is a systematic process in which individual interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings

A

Woods (2004)

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5
Q

said that communication pertained to a process which is always changing

A

Devito

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6
Q

State the process of communication

A
  1. Source
  2. Message
  3. Encoding
  4. Channel
  5. Decoding
  6. Receiver
  7. Feedback
  8. Context
  9. Noise
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7
Q

Failure to transmit the idea from the sender to the receiver

A

Miscommunication

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8
Q

Interferes the communication

A

Communication barriers

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9
Q

Who used the concept of noise to describe physical and psychological failures that can disrupt communication

A

Adler and Towne

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10
Q

Anything that distorts the message

A

Noise

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11
Q

Three types of noise

A
  1. Physical
  2. Psychological
  3. Semantic
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12
Q

The sender of the message.

A

Source

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13
Q

This is the information that you wanted to convey; without it, you have no reason for communicating.

A

Message

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14
Q

This is the process of converting your idea or thoughts of the information into verbal or nonverbal symbols that can be understood by the receiver.

A

Encoding

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15
Q

This is the manner in which the message or information is
conveyed

A

Channel

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16
Q

This is the receiver’s mental processing of your message into the meaning suggested by the sender.

A

Decoding

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17
Q

This is the person who will get your message.

A

Receiver

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18
Q

This is the receiver’s response to the message.

A

Feedback

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19
Q

This refers to the situation in which the communication takes

A

Context

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20
Q

It refers to the distractions in the environment that make it difficult to hear or pay attention. For example, cars screeching, air conditioners humming and loud music. physical noise can inhibit communication at any point in the process—in the sender, in the message, in the channel, or in the receiver.

A

Physical Noise

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21
Q

It pertains to mechanisms within
individuals that restrict a sender’s or receiver’s ability to express and/or
understand messages clearly. It also includes biases and prejudices that lead to
distortions in receiving and processing information. Close mindedness is an
example of this noise.

A

Psychological Noise

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22
Q

According to DeVito, it is “the interference due to the receiver failing to grasp the meanings intended by the sender.”

A
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23
Q

What are the faces of communication

A

Face 1: Mode
Face 2: Context
Face 3: Purpose and Style

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24
Q

What are the four types of modes of communication

A
  1. Verbal and non-verbal
  2. Body language and expression
  3. Digital Communication
  4. Visual Communication
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25
Q

Emoticon, emoji, and graphics interchange are example of

A

Digital Communication

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26
Q

Sign, symbols, maps, imagery, graphs, chart, diagram, pictograms, photos, drawing, and illustration are example of

A

Visual Communication

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27
Q

The classification of communication according to context is based entirely on the
composite of people with the shared goal of understanding one another.

A

Context: The People

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28
Q

The Latin prefix meaning within and inside, is the core of this concept. It suggests that there is only one person in this type of communication.

A

Intrapersonal

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29
Q

The Latin prefix meaning between, among, and together, completes the concept of communication between and among interlocutors.

A

Interpersonal

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30
Q

In Interpersonal, what is ryadic?

A

Two people

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31
Q

In interpersonal, what is Small Group?

A

Three or more people

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32
Q

This focuses on the role of communication in any organizational context.

A

Organizational Communication

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33
Q

“Bottom-up” from the lower to the upper positions

A

Upward

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34
Q

“Top-down” from the superior to the subordinate

A

Downward

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35
Q

From people in the same level but in different departments

A

Horizontal

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36
Q

People from different levels but in different levels

A

Crosswise

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37
Q

Gossip, “chismis”, rumors

A

Grapevine

38
Q

In this kind of communication, respect for linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and
professional differences is foregrounded.

A

Intercultural Communication

39
Q

It is necessary in formal situations like lectures, public talk, research and project proposals, business reports etc.

A

Formal Communication

40
Q

Takes place during personal and ordinary
conversations with family, friends, and acquaintances.

A

Informal Communication

41
Q

It is widely used to depict any idea, thought or a concept in a more simpler
way through diagrams, pictorial representations etc.

A

Model of communication

42
Q

Mainly focused on
speaker and speech. It has 5 primary
elements: Speaker, Speech, Occasion, Audience and Effect (3 on other
references namely Speaker, Speech and
Audience).

A

Aristotle’s model of communication

43
Q

Focuses around the speaker as the main
concept of this theory is that the speaker plays the most important role in
communication and it is the only one who holds the responsibility to influence
his/her audience through public speaking.

A

Aristotle’s model of communication

44
Q

Criticisms of Aristotle’s Model of Communication

A
  1. There is no notion of feedback as the model is one way from speaker to audience.
  2. There is no notion of communication failure such as noise and barriers.
  3. This model can only be used mostly in public speaking.
45
Q

SMCR model.

A

BERLO’s Model of Communication

46
Q

It is the body of a message, from the beginning to the end.

A

Content

47
Q

Includes various things like language, gestures, body language, etc.

A

Element

48
Q

Refers to the packing of the message and the way in which the message is conveyed or the way in which it is passed on or delivered

A

Treatment

49
Q

Refers to how it is arranged; the way people structure the message into various parts.

A

Structure

50
Q

Refers to the means through which it is sent and in what form. It could be, for example, language, body language, gestures, music, etc.

A

Code

51
Q

It refers to the five senses.
1. Hearing
2. Seeing
3. Touching
4. Smelling
5. Tasting

A

Channel

52
Q

What are the five senses?

A
  1. Hearing
  2. Seeing
  3. Touching
  4. Smelling
  5. Tasting
53
Q

needs to think all the contents and elements of the source, so as to communicate/responds to sender effectively.

A

Receiver

54
Q

Criticism Berlo’s SMCR model of communication

A
  1. There is a lack of feedback. The effects are practically unknown.
  2. It does not mention the barriers to communication.
  3. There is no room for noise.
  4. It is a rather complex model.
  5. It is a linear model of communication.
  6. It requires people to be on the same level for effective communication to happen. However, that rarely happens in everyday life. 7. The main drawback of the model is that it omits the usage of sixth sense as a
    channel of communication, which is an asset to human beings (thinking, understanding, analyzing etc.)
55
Q

This model is designed to develop the effective communication between sender and receiver. Also, they find factors which affect the communication process called “Noise”.

A

SHANNON-WEAVER’s Model of Communication

56
Q

Criticism of Shannon-Weaver’s model of communication

A
  1. One of the simplest models and it is generally applied in various communication theories.
  2. The model attracts both academics of Human communication and Information theorist.
  3. It’s more effective in person-to-person communication than group or mass audience. 4. The model based on “Sender and Receiver”. Here sender plays the primary role and receiver plays the secondary role (receive the information or passive).
  4. Communication is not a one way process. If it’s behaved like that, it will lose its strength.
  5. Understanding Noise will help solve the various problems in communication.
57
Q

It is a Circular Model. This model breaks the sender and receiver model it seems communication in a practical way.

A

Schramm Model of Communication

58
Q

Advantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication

A
  1. Dynamic model- Shows how a situation can change
  2. It shows why redundancy is an essential part
  3. There is no separate sender and receiver, sender and receiver is the same person
  4. Assume communication to be circular in nature
  5. Feedback – central feature.
59
Q

Disadvantage of Osgood- Schramm model of communication

A

This model does not talk about semantic noise and it assume the moment of
encoding and decoding.

60
Q

communication model called Dance’s Helix Model for a better communication process.

A

Helical Model of Communication

61
Q

The name helical comes from _____ which means an object having a three-dimensional shape like that of a wire wound uniformly around a cylinder or cone.

A

Helix

62
Q

Who proposed dance’s model?

A

Frank Dance

63
Q

Communication as a dynamic and non-linear process

A

Helical Model of Communication

64
Q

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

A
  1. Know your purpose in communicating.
  2. Know your audience.
  3. Know your topic.
  4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation.
  5. Work on the feedback given to you.
65
Q

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION

A
  1. Be clear with your purpose.
  2. Be complete with the message you deliver.
  3. Be concise
  4. Be natural with your delivery
  5. Be specific and timely with your feedback
66
Q

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

A
  1. Be clear.
  2. Be concise.
  3. Be concrete.
  4. Be correct.
  5. Be coherent.
  6. Be complete.
  7. Be courteous.
67
Q

KEY PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION (King, 2000)

A
  1. Inescapable
  2. Irreversible
  3. Complicated
68
Q

Humans communicate even the very attempt of not wanting to communicate communicates something.

A

Inescapable

69
Q

Once uttered, you can never take it back and its effect remains.

A

Irreversible

70
Q

A world does not have just one meaning, it is not used in the same way, and no two people use the same word alike.

A

Complicated

71
Q

Communication does not happen in isolation

A

Contextual

72
Q

Factors of contextual

A
  1. Psychological
  2. Relational
  3. Situational
  4. Environmental
  5. Cultural
73
Q

who you are: needs, desires, values, beliefs, personality

A

Psychological

74
Q

reactions based on relationship: boss, colleague, friend

A

Relational

75
Q

psycho-social “where” you are communicating

A

Situational

76
Q

physical setting “where” you are communicating

A

Environmental

77
Q

learned behaviors and rules

A

Cultural

78
Q

Our own set of rules, so others are neither expected nor required to follow them

A

Morals

79
Q

Are rules accepted and approved by society so they are imposed upon everyone.

A

Ethics

80
Q

Ethics in communication

A
  1. MUTUALITY.
  2. INDIVIDUAL DIGNITY.
  3. ACCURACY.
  4. ACCESS TO INFORMATION.
  5. ACCOUNTABILITY.
  6. AUDIENCE.
  7. RELATIVE TRUTH.
  8. ENDS vs. MEANS.
  9. USE OF POWER.
  10. RIGHTS vs. RESPONSIBILITIES
81
Q

Pay attention to the needs of others, as well as yours.

A

Mutuality

82
Q

Do not cause another person embarrassment or a loss of dignity

A

Individual dignity

83
Q

Ensure that others have accurate information.

A

Accuracy

84
Q

Allow communication to commence with one
another.

A

Access to information

85
Q

Be responsible for the consequences of your
relationships and communication.

A

Accountability

86
Q

Both the sender and receiver have 100% responsibility to ensure
that message is understood.

A

Audience

87
Q

Your point of view may not be shared by others.

A

Relative truth

88
Q

Be sure that the end goal of your communication and the means of getting to that end are both ethical

A

Ends vs. Means

89
Q

In situations where you have more power than others, you have more responsibility for the outcome.

A

Use of power

90
Q

Balance your rights against your responsibilities.

A

Rights vs. Responsibilities

91
Q

Four Ethical Principles

A
  1. Advocate truthfulness
  2. Accuracy
  3. Honesty
  4. Reason as essential to the integrity of communication

Purposive Communication prelim exam (1 decks)

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