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Research > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

One of the first steps to doing a research study

A

Review of Literature

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2
Q

Components of the evidence based medicine cycle

A 
ask question
search literature
appraise evidence
integrate data
make decision
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3
Q

PICOM

A 
population
intervention or exposure
comparisons made (control)
outcome of interest
methodologic (study design)
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4
Q

Dependent variable

A

Outcome of interest

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5
Q

Independent variable

A

Intervention or Exposure

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6
Q

Prime requirement of any study; lack of significant bias

A

Validity

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7
Q

Consistency

A

Precision

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8
Q

Any 2 articles (or more)

A

Review

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9
Q

Actual recommendations on management are made

A

Guidelines

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10
Q

results of trials are combined statistically

A

meta-analysis

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11
Q

comprehensive, systematic and objective search of the literature based on a research question

A

overview

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12
Q

local articles database

A

Herdin

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13
Q

local surgical researches

A

PJSS

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14
Q

systematic reviews; meta-analysis

A

Cochrane

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15
Q

Father of Physiology

A

Claude Bernard

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16
Q

3 Rs campaign

A

Replacement of animals with non-living models;
Reduction in the use of animals;
Refinement of animal use practices

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17
Q

The WMA Statement on Animal USe in Biomedical Research revised when?

A

57th WMA General Assembly, Pilanesberg, South Africa, October 2006

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18
Q

The WMA Statement on Animal USe in Biomedical Research adopted when?

A

41st World Medical Assembly, Hong Kong, September 1989

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19
Q

Most common source of information

A

books (5-10 years old)

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20
Q

detailed, organized,step by step search for all material available on a topic

A

Literature Search

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21
Q

standardized dictionary of medical terms

A

Medical Subject Heading (MeSH)

22
Q

broadens your search; used when combining 2 or more sets

A

“OR”

23
Q

narrows your search; its use when you want elements common to both sets

A

“AND”

24
Q

narrows your search by eliminating a term from your search

A

“NOT”

25
Q

search interface from the US National Library of Medicine

A

PUBMED

26
Q

biomedical database produced by Elsevier

A

EMBASE

27
Q

abstracting and indexing database dedicated to public health research and practice

A

Global Health

28
Q

database containing a wide variety of scholarly publications in the behavioral and social sciences

A

PsycINFO

29
Q

The phrase is considered one word when using this symbol

A

Quotation marks (“ “)

30
Q

not based on reasoning process

A

intuition

31
Q

from respected source

A

authority

32
Q

through experience

A

empiricism

33
Q

through reasoning

A

rationalism

34
Q

forms of systematic inquiry involving practical application of science

A

applied research

35
Q

lays foundation for advancements in knowledge

A

basic research

36
Q

research conducted with human subjects

A

clinical research

37
Q

translating knowledge from basic sciences into development of new treatments

A

translational research

38
Q

group of subjects followed over a period of time

A

cohort

39
Q

sample of subjects without the outcome of interest

A

prospective cohort study

40
Q

sample of subjects with outcome of interest; baseline measurement, follow-up, and outcomes all happened in the past

A

Retrospective cohort study

41
Q

exposure status and disease status are measured at one point in time

A

cross-sectional studies

42
Q

direct comparison of 2 or more treatment modalities in human groups

A

clinical trial

43
Q

most definitive diagnostic method

A

gold standard

44
Q

must be sensitive

A

screening tests

45
Q

point at which a test changes from negative to positive

A

cutoff point

46
Q

must be specific

A

confirmatory tests

47
Q

descriptors of accuracy of a test

A

specificity and sensitivity

48
Q

to confirm presence of disease

A

high specificity

49
Q

to rule out disease

A

high sensitivity

50
Q

systematic process used to identify strengths and weaknesses of research article in order to assess usefulness and validity of research findings

A

critical appraisal

51
Q

Always the first question asked

A

is the research question relevant

52
Q

summary of sources with organizational pattern

A

literature review

Research (2 decks)

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