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Biology > Module 1 Cells > Flashcards

Module 1 Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

The jelly like substance where chemical reactions take place.

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2
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

The control centre of the cell

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3
Q

Cell membrane

A

The outer edge of an animal cell controls the entry and exit!

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4
Q

Cell wall

A

The outer edge only found in plant cells!

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5
Q

Chloroplast

A

Green oval structures found in plant cells that trap sunlight from photosynthesis.

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6
Q

Vacuole

A

A space filled with fluid in the cell!

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7
Q

What are cells?

A

The building blocks of life.

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8
Q

What are the 5 guidelines for using a microscope?

A
  1. Always carry the microscope using 2 hands - 1 below and 1 around handle. 2. Make sure the the stage is moved as far from the lens as possible and put the slide in place. 3. With eye level to the stage move the stage up as far as it can go without touching the lens. 4. Focus the image by looking down the eyepiece and turning the focus wheel to move the stage down. 5. When finished move the stage down to remove the slide.
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9
Q

Draw and label an animal cell.

A
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10
Q

Draw a plant cell

A
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11
Q

Label the microscope.

A
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12
Q

Label the diagram of the slide.

A
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13
Q

Describe how you make a slide to view onion epidermis.

A
  1. Collect apparatus
  2. Cut a small piece of onion (~5mm square) with the scalpel
  3. peel of a single layer of cells
  4. place 1 drop of iodine on the centre of your slide
  5. place the onion epidermis on the iodine carefully
  6. lower the cover slip using the mounted needle taking care not to trap any air bubbles
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14
Q

What 6 pieces of apparatus do you need to make a microscope slide?

A

forceps, slide, cover slip, iodine, mounted needle, scalpel

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15
Q

Draw and label a diagram of a microscope slide used to look at the epidermis of an onion.

A
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16
Q

Functions and adaptions of red blood cells?

A

Function: carriage of oxygen around the body.

Adaption: contain a special pigment called haemoglobin, special doughnut shape, no nucleus.

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17
Q

Function and adaption of nerve cells.

A

Function: carrying messages around the body – to and from the brain.

Adaption: long

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18
Q

Function and adaption of white blood cells.

A

Function: Deal with infection (microbes)

Adaption: different white blood cells have different adaptions

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19
Q

Function and adaption of sperm cells.

A

Function: swim to the female’s egg to fertilise it

Adaption: pointed head and contain many small mitochondria (release energy during respiration). Tail which lashes from side to side allowing it to move.

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20
Q

Function and adaption of ciliated cells.

A

Function: responsible for moving materials over a surface, found in the airways and also in the female reproductive system

Adaption: tiny hair like structures on their upper surface.

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21
Q

Function and adaption of stem cells.

A

Function: used to treat serious diseases where cells have been seriously damaged e.g. Alzheimer’s disease where brain cells stop working properly.

Adaption: ability to turn into any type of cell.

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22
Q

Function and adaption of palisade cells.

A

Function: produce a lot of food for the plant during photosynthesis, found in leaves.

Adaption: crammed full of chloroplasts.

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23
Q

What makes something alive and how can you tell?

A

Movement, Reproduction, Sensitivity and response, Growth, Respiration, Excretion, Nutrition

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24
Q

Show, using a flow diagram, how are cells arranged in the body?

A
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25
Q

Cells with similar function are organised into tissues, give two examples.

A

Muscle tissue made of muscle cells.

Brain tissue made up of nerve cells.

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26
Q

So that tissues can function effectively, they are grouped together in an organ, give an example.

A

Stomach contains muscle tissue, tissue that produces acid and mucus and tissues that hold it all together.

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27
Q

How is the image created in a microscope different from the actual specimen?

A

UPSIDE DOWN; INVERTED; BIGGER

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28
Q

A microsope has an eyepiece lens with a magnification of X10 and an objectives lens magnifications of X40. Calculate the magnification.

A

X 400

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29
Q

What is the equation for working out the total magnification of a microscope?

A

Total magnification = eyepiece magnification X objective lens magnification

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30
Q

What would the letter ‘e’ look like under a microscope?

A
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31
Q

a) If you moved an object on a slide to the right, what direction will it appear to move when viewed through the eyepiece?
b) If you moved an object on a slide down, what direction will it appear to move when viewed through the eyepiece?

A

a) left
b) up

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32
Q

What is the job of the Respiratory system?

A

Allows the exchange of gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen

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33
Q

What is the major organ of the Respiratory system?

A

lung

34
Q

What is the job of the Circulatory system?

A

Moves substances around the body

35
Q

What are the 2 major organs of the Circulatory system?

A

Heart
Blood Vessels

36
Q

What is major organ of the Digestive system?

A

STOMACH AND INTESTINES

37
Q

What is the job of the Digestive system?

A

TO BREAK DOWN FOOD INTO SIMPLE SUBSTANCES

38
Q

What are the 2 major organ of the Excretory system?

A

Kidneys
Bladder

39
Q

What is the job of the Excretory system?

A

Gets rid of waste from chemical reactions in the body

40
Q
A
41
Q

What is the job of the Skeletal system?

A

Provides support and protection and also allows movement

42
Q

What is the job of the Nervous system?

A

Allows us to sense our surroundings and respond to them

43
Q

What are the major organs of the Skeletal system?

A

Bones

44
Q

What are the major organs of the Nervous system?

A

BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

45
Q

What are the major organs of the Reproductive system?

A

Penis
Vagina

46
Q

What is the function of the Reproductive system?

A

Produces the sperm and egg so that new individuals can be produced

47
Q

Describe two organ systems in the flower.

A

The flower is the reproductive system of a plant.

The leaf can be considered as the organ responsible for photosynthesis.

48
Q

What is it?

The jelly like substance where chemical reactions take place.

A

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

49
Q

What is it?

The control centre of the cell

A

What is the function of the nucleus?

50
Q

What is it?

The outer edge of an animal cell controls the entry and exit!

A

Cell membrane

51
Q

What is it?

The outer edge only found in plant cells!

A

Cell wall

52
Q

What is it?

Green oval structiones found in plant cells trap sunlight from photosynthesis .

A

Chloroplast

53
Q

What is it?

A space filled with fluid in the cell!

A

Vacuole

54
Q

What is it?

The building blocks of life.

A

What are cells?

55
Q

What is the specialised cell

Function: carriage of oxygen around the body.

Adaption: contain a special pigment called haemoglobin, special doughnut shape, no nucleus.

A

Functions and adaptions of red blood cells?

56
Q

What is the specialised cell

Function: carrying messages around the body – to and from the brain.

Adaption: long

A

Function and adaption of nerve cells.

57
Q

What is the specialised cell

Function: Deal with infection (microbes)

Adaption: different white blood cells have different adaptions

A

Function and adaption of white blood cells.

58
Q

What is the specialised cell

Function: swim to the female’s egg to fertilise it

Adaption: pointed head and contain many small mitochondria (release energy during respiration). Tail which lashes from side to side allowing it to move.

A

Function and adaption of sperm cells.

59
Q

What is the specialised cell

Function: responsible for moving materials over a surface, found in the airways and also in the female reproductive system

Adaption: tiny hair like structures on their upper surface.

A

Function and adaption of ciliated cells.

60
Q

What is the specialised cell

Function: used to treat serious diseases where cells have been seriously damaged e.g. Alzheimer’s disease where brain cells stop working properly.

Adaption: ability to turn into any type of cell.

A

Function and adaption of stem cells.

61
Q

What is the specialised cell

Function: produce a lot of food for the plant during photosynthesis, found in leaves.

Adaption: crammed full of chloroplasts.

A

Function and adaption of palisade cells.

62
Q

What is the organ system

Allows the exchange of gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen

A

Respiratory system

63
Q

What is the organ system

lung

A

Respiratory system

64
Q

What is the organ system

Moves substances around the body

A

Circulatory system

65
Q

What is the organ system

Heart
Blood Vessels

A

Circulatory system

66
Q

What is the organ system

STOMACH AND INTESTINES

A

Digestive system

67
Q

What is the organ system

TO BREAK DOWN FOOD INTO SIMPLE SUBSTANCES

A

Digestive system

68
Q

What is the organ system

Kidneys
Bladder

A

What are the 2 major organ of the Excretory system?

69
Q

What is the organ system

Gets rid of waste from chemical reactions in the body

A

What is the job of the Excretory system?

70
Q

What is the organ system

Provides support and protection and also allows movement

A

Skeletal system

71
Q

What is the organ system

Bones

A

Skeletal system

72
Q

What is the organ system

Allows us to sense our surroundings and respond to them

A

Nervous system

73
Q

What is the organ system

BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

A

Nervous system

74
Q

What is the organ system

Penis
Vagina

A

Reproductive system

75
Q

What is the organ system

Produces the sperm and egg so that new individuals can be produced

A

Reproductive system

76
Q

What type of cell is it?

A

red blood cell

77
Q

What type of cell is it?

A

sperm cell

78
Q

What type of cell is it?

A

Ciliated cell

79
Q

What type of cell is it?

A

Palisade cell

80
Q

What type of cell is it?

A

Nerve cell

Biology (4 decks)

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