Module 1: Hygiene, Health and Safety

Question 1

Provide (6) examples of common causes of fires.

Answer 1

“1. Poor housekeeping leading to build up of flammmable materials.
2. Electrical faults.
3. Hot bearings/motors.
4. Heating pipes.
5. Welding and gas cutting
6. Smoking.
7. Oils and solvents.
8. Oily rags”

Question 2

Describe all types of fire extinguishers and their suitability.

Answer 2

“1. Red: Water type, for wood, textile, and paper fires.
2. Cream: Foam type, for flammable liquids & most fires where water would work
3. Blue: Powder type, for all types of fires.
4. Black: Carbon dioxide, for electrical and liquid fires. “

Question 2

What are the principles of fire prevention and control identified in the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order?

Answer 2

“1. Carry out a fire risk assessment & identification
2. Consider who may especially be at risk.
3. Eliminate or reduce the risk of fire starting and provide general fire precautions
4. Take additional measures to ensure fire safety where flammable or explosive materials are used or stored.
5. Create a documented plan to deal with any emergency”

Question 2

What should you do when you discover a fire?

Answer 2

“1. Sound the alarm at nearest ““break glass”” point.
2. Operate the plant emergency stop if safe to do so.
3. Call the fire brigade.
4. Attack the fire if of a minor nature.”

Question 3

What should you do when you hear a fire alarm?

Answer 3

“1. Leave the building by the nearest available route.
2. Press emergency stop buttons on exit. “

Question 3

What is DSEAR?

Answer 3

Dangerous Substanes and Explosive Atmosphere Regulations, a set of regulations concerned with protection against risk of fire, explosion or similar events from dangerous substances, used or present in the workplace.

Question 3

What causes a dust explosion?

Answer 3

“1. A flammable dust
2. Oxygen/air around the particles of dust
3. A source of ignition”

Question 3

What are the requirements of work at height regulations?

Answer 3

“1. WAH properly planned and organized
2. WAH takes account of weather conditions that can endanger health and saety
3. WAH personnel are trained and competent.
4. Place is safe
5. Equipment is properly inspected and controlled
6. Risks from fragile surfaces are properly controlled.
7. Risks from falling objects are properly controlled. “

Question 3

Describe some methods of controlling electricity risks.

Answer 3

“1. Fuses - cut off supply when current becomes too high.
2. Residual current devices (RCD) - Circuit breaker that detects imbalance between current in phase and neutral conductors of the circuit.
3. Isolating switches
4. Earthing - prevent parts of equipment from becoming live.
5. Portable electrical equipment “

Question 3

What are some (6) common types of workplace transport accidents?

Answer 3

“1. Being struck by moving vehicle
2. Operators falling from vehicles
3. Vehicles overturning
4. Vehicles striking buildings/obstructions
5. Not following manufacturers’ instruction for safe operation of vehicles
6. Unsafe loading and transportation of materials. “

Question 3

What are some precautions for preventing workplace transport accidents?

Answer 3

“1. Only competent and authorised person may operate vehicle.
2. All vehicles are maintained by qualified people
3. Use seat belts/lap blelts
4. When possible, implement segregated traffic and pedestrian routes with signage and instructions
5. Wearing high visibility clothing when not using designated pedestrian walkways”

Question 3

What are the four main hazard categories of machinery?

Answer 3

Contact, Entanglement, Trapping, Impact.

Question 3

Classify the control measures for machinery hazards, and provide examples for each.

Answer 3

“1. physical (preventing access) - Guards
2. procedural (make work safer) - LOTO
3. Behavioural (develop safer people) - training & emergency procedures. “

Question 3

What are the high risk areas of milling maintenance?

Answer 3

“1. WAH on buildings and roofs
2. Work with power driven machinery
3. Confined spaces “

Question 3

What are some precautions for maintenance work?

Answer 3

“1. planning what work is to be done
2. assess potential risk
3. Prepare work method statement
4. develop safe system of work where necesssary, include PTW
5. Check equipment and area to make sure it is safe to start work
6. provide instructions and training to operators
7. provide suitable work and safety equipment
8. prepare for unforeseen circumstances (emergency plans)
9. monitor that the agreed work methods are being followed. “

Question 4

Describe the techniques that have been developed to faciliate manual handling of loads.

Answer 4

“1. Plan
2. Position
3. Grip
4. Lift
5. Move
6. Lower”

Question 4

How can one control the risks of noise?

Answer 4

“1. Specify low noise machinery at purchase stage
2. Engineer out the noise by replacement, redesign or modification
3. Reduce noise at the source
4. Contain the noise at the source
5. Isolate personnel from noise
6. Absorb the nose.
7 As a last resort, provide personal hearing protection”

Question 4

According to UK’s noise at work regulations, what are the actions to be taken when daily noise exposure exceed 80db and 85 db?

Answer 4

“1. 80 db - Inform employees and issue personal ear protection on request
2. 85 db - Designated ear protection zones with signage. All employees are required to wear ear protection “

Question 5

How to control the risks of confined space work?

Answer 5

“1. Issued PTW
2. Instructed and trained
3. Informed of the safe system of work
4. Make sure the atmosphere is safe and there is enough enough fresh air
5. Make sure there is no risk from the start-up of any machinery.
6. Have trained help at hand. “

Question 6

What are the duties of an employer under Health and Safety at Work act 1974?

Answer 6

“1. provide and maintain safe plant and systems of work
2. ensure no risks to health from the use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances.
3. provide adequate information, instruction training and supervision ot ensure the health and safety at work of employees.
4. Maintaining the workplace in a safe condition with safe means of access and exit.
5. Maintaining a safe working environment with adequate facilities for employees’ welfare. “

Question 7

What are the duties of an employee under Health and Safety at Work act 1974?

Answer 7

“1. To take reasonable care for their own health and safety
2. To cooperate with employers and others to enable legal duties to be performed.
3. Not to interfere with anything provided in the interests of health and safety at work “

Question 8

What are the two types of notice factory inspectors can issue?

Answer 8

“1. Improvement notice - legal requirements that the inspector thinks are broken and allow the company to correct it without stopping operations.
2. Prohibition notice - when inspector thinks work involves a risk of serios personal injury. Operations is stopped until correction is taken. “

Question 9

What are the five steps in conducting a safety risk assessment?

Answer 9

“1. Look for the hazards
2. Decide who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate risks and decide if any additional controls are required
4. Record the findings
5. Review the assessment”

Question 10

What is safe systems of work?

Answer 10

A method of working that takes into account the potential hazards to employees and others (e.g. contractors and visitors)

Question 11

What are the six objectives of PTW?

Answer 11

“1. Reduce the risk of injury or ill-health to those carrying out the work
2. Ensure proper authorisation for the procedures and work
3. Make clear to those carrying out the designated work.
4. Ensure person in charge is aware of all work being carried out
5. Provide a record of the work, the precautions and people involved
6. Provide formal hand-back procedure to ensure that the part of the plant affected by the work is in a safe condition to return to production ]”

Question 12

Describe the four basic styles of safety signs

Answer 12

“1. Red - Indicates a prohibition
2. Yellow - Indicates a hazard/warning
3. Blue - Indicates a mandatory task
4. Green - Indicates emergency information “

Question 13

What is first aid?

Answer 13

“1. Emergency treatment until arrival of a medical practitioner
2. Treatment of minor injuries that do not warrant medical attention. “

Question 14

Why do millers need to prevent and control infestation?

Answer 14

“1. To fulfil customer’s needs for safe and hygienic food
2. To fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements
3. to maintain high standards and morale of employees
4. To minimize bacteria count of final product”

Question 14

What are the areas of knowledge a qualified first aider should have?

Answer 14

“1. Resuscitation
2. Treatment and control of bleeding.
3. Treatment of shock
4. Treatment of bones, muscle and joint injuries
5. Treatment of burns and scalds
6. Personal hygiene in treating wounds
7. Care for unconscious casualties
8. Contents of first aid boxes
9. Transport of casualties “

Question 15

What should a first aid box contain?

Answer 15

“1. A guidance card
2. Individually wrapped sterile adhesive dressings.
3. Sterile eye pads with retaining attachments
4. Individually wrapped triangular bandages
5. Safety pins
6. Individually wrapped sterile unmedicated wound dressing
7. Disposable gloves
8. A bottle of sterile water. “

Question 16

What is a typical lifecycle of an insect?

Answer 16

“1. Adult
2. Egg
3. Larva
4. Pupa”

Question 17

Differentiate between primary and secondary insect pests, provide 2 examples for each category of insect pests

Answer 17

“1. Primary - storage pests that attack cereal grains and other stored food. (e.g. confused flour beetle, saw-toothed grain beetle, grain weevil, lesser grain borer)
2. Secondary - pests that live on debris of older spillages of broken grains or other wheat products (e.g., cadelle bettle, yellow mealworm beetle, psocids, white-shouldered house moth) “

Question 18

Provide some safety advice for using ladders.

Answer 18

“1. Do not overload ladder
2. Do not overreach (keep body inside ladder confines)
3. Always maintain three points of contact at the working position
4. never use top three rungs of a ladder and the top two steps of a stepladder.
5. ladders to be angled 75%
6. Only use ladders for short duration of work
7. Ladders located properly (will not be struck by vehicles & with no pedestrians walking near) “

Question 19

How does flour mills provide pests with ideal living condition?

Answer 19

“1. Food and humidity
2. Habourage areas
3. Warmth”

Question 20

How can insects enter the mill?

Answer 20

“1. They might already be established in the buildings/machines.
2. May arrive in lorries carrying incoming loads of grain
3. From old food residues/freight containers
4. From infested pallets.
5. From grain-carrying ships
6. From neighbouring infested sites”

Question 21

What are infestation hotspots?

Answer 21

1. Areas in which temperatures of grain increases and facilitate insect breeding due to accumulation of metabolic heat

Question 22

What are some work that lone workers should never carry out alone?

Answer 22

“1. Confined spaces.
2. Places with live electricity
3. Work at height”

Question 23

How does the milling industry interact with the environment?

Answer 23

“1. Use of raw materials
2. Use of energy
3. Location of mills
4. Nature of activities
5. Production of waste
6. Emission of noise”

Question 24

What are the two main rodent pests in flour mills?

Answer 24

“1. Brown rat
2. House mouse”

Question 25

Describe three basic principles behind a good system of hygiene

Answer 25

“1. Clean premises
2. High personal standards
3. Control of infestation”

Question 26

What are the four C’s of good health and safety organisation?

Answer 26

“1. Communication
2. Competence
3. Control
4. Cooperation”