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Immunology & Serology (Lecture) > Module 1 - Introduction > Flashcards

Module 1 - Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Is the study of host’s reaction when foreign
substances are introduced into the body

A

Immunology

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2
Q
  • Is the in vitro (outside of the body) study of
    antigen-antibody reaction
    -Laboratory study of the activities of the components of blood serum that contributes to immunity
A

Serology

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3
Q

● Any substances of specific molecular weight that can induce antibody production
● Always specific
● Reverse serology

A

Antigen

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4
Q

Examples of Antigen

A

bacterial antigens, viral, fungi, and
parasitic antigens, and food allergens

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5
Q

● Glycoproteins produced by plasma cells as a result of antigenic stimulation
● Plasma cells are produced by B cells
● The reactions are always specific

A

Antibody

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6
Q

2 types of Immunity

A

Natural/Innate or Nonspecific Immunity
Acquired/Adaptive or Specific Immunity

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7
Q

● Born with
● Mechanism of action is common to all pathogens
● Lack memory
● Physical barriers
● Susceptibility vs Nonsusceptibility
● Inflammation
● Phagocytosis
○ Chemotaxis vs Opsonization
● Nonspecific plasma proteins

A

Natural/Innate or Nonspecific Immunity

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8
Q

● Something we develop in the body through vaccines
● Has memory
● Humoral immunity
● B cells, plasma cells, memory cells
● Antibodies
● Cell-mediated immunity
● T cells, NK, LAK (Lymphokine Activated Killer Cells),
K cells
● Lymphokines

A

Acquired/Adaptive or Specific Immunity

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9
Q

PAMP meaning

A

Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern

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10
Q

PRRS meaning

A

Pathogen Recognition Receptors; present in WBC membranes (leukocytes found in pathogens)

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11
Q

● 50-75% circulating WBCs
● Phagocytosis
● First responder to infection and first to migrate to the site of infection
● Predominant to acute inflammation

A

Neutrophil

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12
Q

● 1-3% circulating WBCs
● Kills parasite
● Neutralize basophil and mast cell products
● Regulate mast cells (tissue basophils)

A

Eosinophil

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13
Q

● <1% circulating WBCs
● Induce and maintain allergic reaction
● Stimulate production of IgE

A

Basophil

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14
Q

● Found in the skin, CT , and mucosal epithelium
● APC (Antigen Presenting Cells) to T and B cells
● Enhancement and suppression of adaptive immune response

A

Mast Cell

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15
Q

● 4-10% of circulating WBCs
● Phagocytosis
● Migrate to tissues to become macrophage

A

Monocyte

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16
Q

● Found in the lungs, brain, bone, CT , and other tissues
● Phagocytosis
● Kills intra-parasite
● Tumoricidal activity
● APC to B and T cells

A

Macrophage

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17
Q

● Found in the skin, mucous membranes, and tissue
● Most potent phagocytic cells
● Most effective APC

A

Dendritic Cells

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18
Q

Works together with hydrogen peroxide and halide in killing bacteria through respiratory/oxidative burst

A

Myeloperoxidase (MPO)

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19
Q

present in the primary and secondary granules of neutrophil which degrades bacterial cell wall

A

Lysozyme or Muramidase

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20
Q

an iron binding glycoprotein that competes with bacteria for iron. It also promotes the adherence of PMN (polymorphonuclear cells) to the endothelial cells

A

Lactoferrin

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21
Q

arginine-rich protein that plays a role in killing parasites, specifically helminths. It has a role in allergic reactions by lessening the hypersensitivity reactions

A

Major Basic Protein

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22
Q

the mediator of the Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Histamine

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23
Q

● Most wandering type of cell
● Microbial killing, tumoricidal activity, intracellular parasite eradication, phagocytosis, secretion of cell mediators, and antigen presentation

A

Monocyte

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24
Q

Tissue monocyte

A

Macrophages

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25
Q

Found in the lungs (Macrophage)

A

Alveolar Macrophage

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26
Q

Found in the Liver (Macrophage)

A

Kupffer Cells

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27
Q

Present in the CNS (Macrophage)

A

Microglial Cells

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28
Q

Found in the Spleen (Macrophage)

A

Splenic Macrophage

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29
Q

bone destroying cell, found in the
bone tissue which promotes resorption/bone
extraction

A

Osteoclast

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30
Q

Found in CT (Macrophage)

A

Histiocyte

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31
Q

Found in the Kidneys (Macrophage)

A

Mesangial Cells

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32
Q

● Key cells that is involved in the immune system
● Immunocompetent WBC
● Has primary and secondary organs for development

A

Lymphocyte

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33
Q

Covered with long membranous/membrane
extensions that makes them resemble a specific cell

A

Dendritic Cells

34
Q

unmyelinated nerve cells

A

nerve cells (dendrites)

35
Q

(Dendritic Cells)
Found in the skin and mucous membrane

A

Langerhans Cells

36
Q

Found in major organs such as the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and the GIT

A

Interstitial Dendritic Cells

37
Q

found in the T cell areas of the secondary lymphoid tissues and thymus

A

Interdigitating Dendritic Cells

38
Q
  • Develop in the Thymus
    ● Found in lymph node, thoracic duct fluid
    ● 60-80% of circulating lymphocyte pool in the blood
    ● Adaptive immunity
A

T cells

39
Q

end product of activation of T cells

A

cytokines

40
Q

T cells antigens

A

CD2, CD3, CD4, or CD8

41
Q

● Develop in the Bone Marrow
● Found in BM, spleen, lymph nodes
● 10-15% of circulating lymphocyte pool in blood
● Adaptive immunity

A

B cells

42
Q

end product of activation of B cells

A

Antibody

43
Q

B cells antigens

A

CD19, CD20, CD21, surface antibody

44
Q

● Develop in the Bone Marrow
● Found in spleen and liver
● 5-15% of circulating lymphocyte in blood
● Innate immunity, lysis of virally infected cells and tumor cells, production of cytokines

A

NK Cells

45
Q

Nk Cells antigens

A

CD16, CD56

46
Q

primary or central organs

A

bone marrow & thymus

47
Q

produces hematopoietic stem cells, maturation of B and NK cells

A

bone marrow

48
Q

In the peripheral blood: B cells = 10-20%, T
cells = 61-89%, NK cells = 22%
○ Largest tissue of the body
○ Main source of hematopoietic stem cells
○ Center for antigen independent hematopoiesis; there is no stimulant/stimulating agent (red bone marrow)

A

bone marrow

49
Q

maturation of T cells

A

thymus

50
Q

weight of thymus at birth

A

30g

51
Q

weight of thymus at puberty

A

35g

52
Q

outer portion; nursing portion of the thymus

A

thymic cortex

53
Q

inner portion; maturation site for T cells

A

thymic medulla

54
Q

secondary organs

A

spleen, lymph nodes, MALT, tonsils, appendix, and epidermis

55
Q

secondary organ that filters blood

A

spleen

56
Q

In the spleen, it is the site for RBC destruction

A

red pulp

57
Q

In the spleen, it contains the differentiated
lymphocytes

A

white pulp

58
Q

surrounded by dendritic cells (interdigitating);
traps the antigens and rich in T cells

A

Periarteriolar Lymphoid Sheath (PALS)

59
Q

B cells, lymphocytes can exit through the veins and capillaries

A

Primary Follicles

60
Q

places where contact between T cells, antigens, and B cells occur
○ Along lymphatic ducts
○ Located in the paracortex in close proximity
with APC (dendritic cells)
○ Ideal site for phagocytosis

A

Lymph nodes

61
Q

lymph nodes found in the neck

A

cervical lymph node

62
Q

lymph nodes found in the armpit

A

axillary lymph node

63
Q

lymph nodes found in the groin area

A

inguinal lymph nodes

64
Q

main function of lymph node

A

filtration duct, central collecting points for lymph fluid from adjacent tissues

65
Q

lined with macrophages; site where lymph fluid flows

A

sinuses

66
Q

In the lymph node, it is the area for B cells

A

cortex

67
Q

part of lymph node
consisting of antigen-stimulated B cells

A

secondary follicles

68
Q

blast formation area for B
cells (plasma cell and memory cell)

A

germinal center

69
Q

T cell area of the lymph node, in between the follicles and medulla

A

paracortex

70
Q

Present in: GIT , respiratory tract, urogenital
tract

A

Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

71
Q

Specialized type of MALT
that is present in the lower ileum of the GIT

A

Peyer’s patches

72
Q

Traps antigens from the food or fluid we take

A

tonsils

73
Q

due to increased antigen present in the mouth that were trapped

A

tonsillitis

74
Q

Mucous membrane lining of oral and pharyngeal cavities

A

tonsils

75
Q

○ Don’t have function at all
○ Traps antigens in the lower GIT

A

appendix

76
Q

CALT meaning

A

Cutaneous-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

77
Q

epidermal lymphocytes/intraepidermal are able to trap antigen present on the skin

A

Intraepidermal lymphocyte (T cells)

78
Q

● Proteins on cell surfaces acting as markers to
differentiate T cells and B cells
● They distinguish developmental stages of T cells
and B cells based on when these protein appear on
the cell surfaces

A

Surface Markers

79
Q

CD meaning

A

clusters of differentation

80
Q

(T/F)
Earlier: “cluster of differentiation” was used because nature of proteins identified by the antibodies was not known

A

true

81
Q

(T/F)
At present: CD classification is the reference in
standardizing names of the membrane proteins
found on all human WBCs

A

true

Immunology & Serology (Lecture) (1 decks)

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