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Research 1 > Module 1: Overview of the Research Process > Flashcards

Module 1: Overview of the Research Process Flashcards

1
Q

Outline of the Research Process

A

•Introduction
•Purpose of Research
•The Research Process
•Difference between basic and applied research
•Comparison between qualitative and quantitative researches
•Choice of One’s Topic for Research
•Ethics in Research

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2
Q

•“?” means again and again

A

Re

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3
Q

•“?” means to find out something.

A

Search

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4
Q

The Research Process

A

Person
Observes Phenomena Again and Again
Collection of Data Analysis of Data
Conclusion

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5
Q

•the process of arriving at a dependable solution to a problem through the planned and systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of a data.

A

RESEARCH

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6
Q

•the process for advancing knowledge, for promoting progress and to enable man to relate more effectively to his environment.

A

RESEARCH

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7
Q

•a process of asking questions and answering them either by conducting survey, observation or experimentation in a structured logical manner;

A

RESEARCH

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8
Q

•a systematic process of gathering data and logically analyzing the data

A

RESEARCH

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9
Q

STAGES IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS

A

Problem Formulation
Research Design Formulation
Data Gathering
Data Processing
Data Analysis
Reporting

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10
Q

Types of Research

A

A. Pure or BasicResearch
B. Applied Research

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11
Q

The reason for asking research questions are of two general kinds;

A

intellectual and practical

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12
Q

•also known as fundamental research.

A

Pure or Basic Research

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13
Q

•intellectual curiosity is the only motivational factor behindit

A

Pure or Basic Research

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14
Q

•concerned mainly with adding new information without necessarily having immediate application for its end result

A

Pure or Basic Research

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15
Q

•focused up on a real life problem requiring an action or policydecision.

A

B. Applied Research

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16
Q

•tries to find out practical and immediate result; problem oriented and action directed.

A

B. Applied Research

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17
Q

•vast scope for applied research in the fields of technology, management, commerce, economics and other social sciences.

A

B. Applied Research

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18
Q

Factors to Consider in the Choice of a Research Problem

A
  1. Interesting
  2. Originality
  3. Size
  4. Significance of the study/Relevance
  5. The researcher’s capability and limitations
  6. Cost
  7. Ethical
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19
Q

•Researcher must be interested in the topic.

A
  1. Interesting
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20
Q

•Topic has not been investigated before.

A
  1. Originality
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21
Q

•If problem was already studied before, then inject originality by coming up withanother research design, using a different data gathering tool or a different scheme for analyzing research data.

A
  1. Originality
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22
Q

•The number of subjects of the research should not be too large or too small.

A
  1. Size
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23
Q

•The results of the study should be of practical value to you and the significant others in the field

A
  1. Significance of the study/Relevance
24
Q

•Even if the problem is in the area specialization, the researcher may need guidance and advice from other people in the conduct of the research. He should conduct his study with detachment and objectivity

A
  1. The researcher’s capability and limitations
25
Q

•The researcher should be ready to invest all ofhis time and effort, not to mention the sustained effort, to assure completion of the study

A
  1. Cost
26
Q

•A research problem is said to be ethical when it does not involve physical and psychological harm or damage to human beings or organizations

A
  1. Ethical
27
Q

refers to what the researcher believes to be the right thing to do in research.

A

Ethics in research

28
Q

Varies from country to country, culture to culture

A

Ethics in research

29
Q

Most relevant for educational research is the set of ethical principles published by the (?) in 1983.

A

American Psychological Association (APA)

30
Q

VULNERABLE INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIAL RESEARCH

A

•CHILDREN
•INSTITUTIONALIZED PEOPLE
•PEOPLE WITH TERMINAL ILLNESS
•PREGNANT
•PWD

31
Q

RISKS INVOLVED IN SOCIAL RESEARCH

A

•Physical Risk
•Psychological Risk
•Social Risk
•Economic Risk

32
Q

Principles

A

Non maleficence
Beneficence
Utility
Autonomy

33
Q

• “ought to act in ways that do not cause needless harm or injury to others”

A

Non maleficence

34
Q

• “not only should we NOT HARM them, but we should attempt to HELP them”

A

Beneficence

35
Q

• “should act in ways as to bring about the greatest benefit and the least harm”

A

Utility

36
Q

•Rational individuals should be permitted to be self determining

A

Autonomy

37
Q

right of prospective participant to decide voluntarily, freely and without coercion to participate and to refuse to give information without risking any penalty or threats of penalty.

A

Self determination

38
Q

are derived the rules of informed consent

A

Autonomy

39
Q

Autonomy Basic elements:

A

disclosure, understanding, voluntariness, competence and permission granting

40
Q

Consent

A

• Informed Consent
Disclosure
Comprehension
Voluntary

• Competence

41
Q

HOW TO ASSURE PRIVACY OF PARTICIPANTS

A

ANONYMITY
PLEDGE OF CONFIDENTIALITY

42
Q

Summary of Rules in Research Ethics:

(?) is given
The (?) justifies the study
(?) must be avoided
(?) is commensurate with potential benefit
Study is subjected to an (?)
(?) is maintained
(?) is given to ethics

A

Informed consent
design
Suffering and injury
Risk
independent review
Publication integrity
Explicit attention

43
Q

Some of the ethical issues can arise during the course ofthe research process:

A

❖The research problem itself
❖The research setting
❖The procedure of research
❖The kinds of people serving as research participants
❖The type of data collected
❖The pressure put upon research participants
❖The communication of results
❖Ethical issues relating to the respondents and subject

44
Q

: -determinants of alcoholism or child sexual abuse.

A

❖The research problem itself

45
Q

:-hospitals, prisons or schools

A

❖The research setting

46
Q

: -an experiment method has a negative effect on research participants.

A

❖The procedure of research

47
Q

:homeless people, patients, children and relatively powerless to resist being studied.

A

❖The kinds of people serving as research participants

48
Q

:-sensitive, personal or financial information.

A

❖The type of data collected

49
Q
  • put upon research participants by external agencies such as government, employers etc,.
A

❖The pressure

50
Q

:-the sponsors withhold certain results that do not accord with their objectives.

A

❖The communication of results

51
Q

❖Some respondents are made to participate in a research project without their consent or knowledge

A

❖Ethical issues relating to the respondents and subject

52
Q

❖The purpose of research is not fully revealed to the respondents.

A

❖Ethical issues relating to the respondents and subject

53
Q

❖To expose participants to physical or mental stress.

A

❖Ethical issues relating to the respondents and subject

54
Q

❖In depth interviews or disguised projective test and participant observation are may be an attack on privacy.

A

❖Ethical issues relating to the respondents and subject

55
Q

❖ might be violated through report and publications.

A

❖Ethical issues relating to the respondents and subject

Anonymity

Research 1 (4 decks)

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