Module 13-15

Question 1

biosphere

Answer 1

the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms

Question 2

Abiotic factors

Answer 2

non living or never living

Question 3

biotic factors

Answer 3

living or once living

Question 4

Type l survivorship

Answer 4

mortality is high when they’re old (humans)

Question 5

Type ll survivorship

Answer 5

equal likelihood of dying anywhere along a lifespan (birds)

Question 6

Type lll survivorship

Answer 6

mortality is high when they’re young (trees)

Question 7

Interspeicific interactions

Answer 7

interactions between species

Question 8

ecological niche

Answer 8

species total use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment

Question 9

competitive exclusion

Answer 9

two species with very similar ecological niches cannot coexist

Question 10

commensalism

Answer 10

(+,0) birds nesting in trees

Question 11

mutualism

Answer 11

(+,+) both species benefit

Question 12

Predation

Answer 12

(+,-) the predator benefits and the prey is negatively affected

Question 13

Herbivory

Answer 13

(+,-) consumption of plat parts or algae by an animal

Question 14

Parasites/pathogens

Answer 14

(+,-) good for parasites; bad for others

Question 15

Foundation species

Answer 15

the “bedrock” species that has the greatest influence on community structure; usually abundant (often a producer)

Question 16

Keystone species

Answer 16

species with extra influence in maintaining prevalence of species, community structure and sometimes biodiversity (not abundant, not producer, pollinator)

Question 17

energy flow

Answer 17

the passage of energy through the components of an ecosystem

Question 18

chemical (nutrient) cycling

Answer 18

use and reuse of chemical elements like carbon and nitrogen

Question 19

autotrophs

Answer 19

organisms that produce their own food

Question 20

heterotrphs

Answer 20

an organism that can’t make its own food

Question 21

secondary consumers

Answer 21

organisms that eat primary consumers for energy

Question 22

tertiary consumers

Answer 22

an organism that eats primary and secondary consumers

Question 23

apex consumers

Answer 23

organisms that are at the top of the food chain, that have no predators of their own

Question 24

species richness

Answer 24

the number of species

Question 25

species diversity

Answer 25

the number of species and the number of individuals in each species