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Neuroscience 3 > Module 2 - Disorders of Mental Development > Flashcards

Module 2 - Disorders of Mental Development Flashcards

1
Q

What term is defined as sub-average intellectual functioning with concurrent deficits or impairments in present adaptive functioning?

A

Mental retardation

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2
Q

What is a manifestation of brain dysfunction originating during the developmental period of life?

A

Mental retardation

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3
Q

What is the WHO definition of Mental Retardation?

A

Incomplete or insufficient general development of mental capacties

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4
Q

What is a measure of intellectual function?

A

IQ score

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5
Q

What is based on performance in standardized intelligence tests?

A

IQ Score

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6
Q

How is IQ Score derived?

A

Dividing age at which child functions on the test (mental age) by chronological age

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7
Q

It does not reveal child’s adaptive skills which predicts success in activities of daily living

A

IQ Score

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8
Q

It is reflected by the amount of support needed for an individual to perform badic activities of daily living

A

Levels of adaptive behavior

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9
Q

Levels of adaptive behavior support intensities divided into 4 levels:

A

Intermittent
Limited
Extensive
Pervasive

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10
Q

What are the 8 classes of support functions?

A 
Teaching
Befriending
Financial planning
Behavioral support
In-home living assistance
Community access and use
School access and use
Health assistance
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11
Q

What are the criteria for diagnosing mental retardation?

A

Significantly subaverage intellectual functioning
Concurrent deficits or impairments in present adaptive functioning (i.e. The person’s effectiveness in meeting the standards expected for his or her age by his or her cultural group)
Onset prior to age 18 years

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12
Q

Significantly subaverage intellectual functioning, as one of the criteria of MR, is quantified as:

A

An IQ of approximately 70 or below on an individually administered IQ test (for infants, a clinical judgment of significantly subaverage intellectual functioning)

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13
Q

Concurrent deficits or impairments in present adaptive functioning, as one of the criteria of MR, is quantified as:

A

At least 2 affected areas: communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health and safety

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14
Q 
What is the approximate IQ range for MR classification on the each level of severity:
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Profound
Undetermined
A 
Mild: 55 to approx 70
Moderate: 35-40 to approx 50-55
Severe: 20-25 to approx 35-40
Profound: below 20-25
Undetermined: not determined
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15
Q

What is the prevalence of MR?

A

6-20 per 1000 but may vary by regions

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16
Q

How many times is mild MR more common than severe MR?

A

10-12x

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17
Q

What is the ratio of male to female occurrence of MR?

A

Slightly more common in male with M:F of 1.3-1.9 is to 1

18
Q

What disease condition can be attributed as to why MR is slightly more common to male?

A

Due to X-linked syndromes like Fragile X syndromes

19
Q

Prenatally, what is the rate of MR?

A

60-80% of cases

20
Q

What cause can be attributed in the occurrence of MR prenatally?

A

Genetic etiologies

21
Q

Perinatally, what is the rate of MR?

A

8-12% of cases

22
Q

What are the 2 causes that can be attributed in the occurrence of MR perinatally?

A

Asphyxia, birth trauma

Almost invariably accompanied by cerebral palsy

23
Q

Postnatally, what is the rate of MR?

A

Accounts for up to 10%

24
Q

What are the 4 causes that can be attributed to the occurrence of MR postnatally?

A

Meningitis
Encephalitis
Trauma
Malnutrition

25
Q

True or false. Some may have no more than 1 cause of MR

A

False

26
Q

Is there a direct relationship between severity of MR and the likelihood of a specific etiologic diagnosis?

A

Yes

27
Q

What level of severity of MR accounts for 50% of cases with identifiable cause?

A

Mild MR

28
Q

Mild MR with no cause can be attributed to what factor?

A

Polygenic inheritance

29
Q

What level of severity of MR accounts for 70-80% of cases with identifiable cause?

A

Severe MR

30
Q

What are the 7 diagnostic category of the causes of MR?

A 
Chromosomal abnormalities
Prematurity
Teratogens and toxins
Nutrition, poverty and other familial factors
Metabolism and hormones 
Infection
Radiation
31
Q

What diagnostic category accounts for 4-28% of cases with moderate-severe MR?

A

Chromosomal abnormalities

32
Q

What is the most common chromosomal abnormality?

A

Down syndrome

33
Q

What are the chromosomal abnormalities that can be found in MR?

A

Down syndrome
Fragile X syndrome
CNS malformations

34
Q

What is the most common disease condition leading to MR which is caused by teratogens and toxins?

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

35
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome is found in what 2 countries?

A

North America

Europe

36
Q

What are the 2 conditions caused by teratogens and toxins leading to MR?

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Lead poisoning

37
Q

What are the prenatal infections leading to MR?

A 
Toxoplasma
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes
Syphilis
38
Q

What are the perinatal/postnatal infections leading to MR?

A

Bacterial
Viral
Fungal
Meningitis/encephalitis

39
Q

What is the AOG of a pregnant women from which exposure to radiation may increase risk for the development of MR?

A

7th to 15 week of gestation

40
Q

What are the management of MR?

A

Individualized treatment plan catering to the needs of the child
Interdisciplinary approach
Medical
Non-specific, non-medical

41
Q

What disorders are medical management is the approach to MR?

A

Associated behavioral disorders

42
Q

What comprise of the non-specific, non-medical approach to the management of MR?

A

Family support and education

Early intervention and special education

Neuroscience 3 (3 decks)

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