Module 2.1: Infancy Physical Development

Question 1

Cephalocaudal Principle

Answer 1

growth starts from the top part of the body (i.e., brain to foot)

Question 2

Proximodistal Principle

Answer 2

growth proceed from the center of the body outward (e.g., Palm (grasping) to fingers)

Question 3

When do children grow faster?

Answer 3

Children grow faster during the first 3 years

Question 4

When does teething usually begin?

Answer 4

Teething usually begins around 3-4 months

Question 5

When does growth slow down?

Answer 5

Growth slows in the second year of life

Question 6

How can growth be described?

Answer 6

Growth isn’t often smooth and continuous but rather is episodic, occurring in spurts

Question 7

What are the benefits of breastfeeding?

Answer 7

+ Babies are less likely to contract infectious illnesses
+ Lower risks of SIDS and of Post-neonatal death
+ Lesser risks of inflammatory bowel disease
+ Better visual acuity, neurological development, and long-term cardiovascular health
+ Less likely to develop obesity, asthma, eczema, diabetes, lymphoma, etc.
+ Less likely to show language and motor delays
+ Score higher on cognitive tests
+ Fewer cavities and are less likely to need braces
+ Mothers can quickly recover with childbirth
+ They are more likely to return to the pre-pregnancy weight
+ Reduced risk of anemia and lowered risk of repeat pregnancy while breastfeeding
+ Report feeling more confident and less anxious
+ Less likely to develop osteoporosis or ovarian and premenopausal breast cancer
+ Reduction in type 2 diabetes

Question 8

What is the only acceptable alternative to breast milk?

Answer 8

Iron-Fortified Formula based on either cow’s milk or soy protein

Question 9

For how long should babies consume breast milk?

Answer 9

Babies should consume nothing but milk during the first 6 months of life

Question 10

What is the size of the brain by the age of 6 years old?

Answer 10

By age of 6, the brain is almost adult size but some parts are still continuously developing