Module 3

Question 1

What are the phonation structures

Answer 1

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Hypopharynx, and Larynx

Question 2

What’s the Larynx?

Answer 2

Musculo-cartilaginous structure at the superior end of trachea.

Has 3 unpaired and 3 paired cartilages

Question 3

What are the epiglottis cartilages?

Answer 3

Thyroid
Corniculate x2
Aryteniod x2
Cuneiform x2
Cricoid

Question 4

Explain the epiglottis

Answer 4

Unpaired, “leaf like”
Attached by thyroepiglottic ligament
Sides join w/ aryteniod cartilages
Attached superior to root of tongue

Question 5

What are the thyroid cartilages?

Answer 5

Unpaired and largest laryngeal cartilage
Comprised of 2 plates: thyroid laminae joined at thyroid angle
Posterior sets of 2 horns: Inf horns articulate w/ cricoid & Sup horns articulate w/ hyoid bone

Question 6

Explain the cricoid

Answer 6

Most inferior cartilage
Posterior lamina: point of articulation for arytenoids
Lateral surfaces: point of articulation for thyroid
Higher in the back than front

Question 7

Explain the Aryteniods

Answer 7

Paired cartilages
Pyramid shaped
Located on superior posterolateral surface of cricoid
Important for voicing

Question 8

Arytenoids have

Answer 8

Vocal process: project toward thyroid notch & point of attachment for VF

Muscular process: lateral portion of arytenoid & point of attachment for muscles that adduct and abduct the VF

Question 9

Corniculate cartilages

Answer 9

Reside on the sup surfaces of each arytenoid

Looks like peak to the “pyramid”

Question 10

Explain Cuneiform cartilages

Answer 10

The smallest laryngeal cartilages
Embedded within aryepiglottic folds
Above and anterior to the corniculates
Provide support for membraneous laryngeal covering

Question 11

Explain the Hyoid Bone

Answer 11

U-shaped bone important for muscle attachments
Union point between the tongue and laryngeal system
Only bone in the body that is not attached to another bone

Question 12

What are the 5 layers of the vocal folds

Answer 12

1. Thin squamous cell epithelium- superficial layer
2. Lamina propria Elastin fibers
3. Lamina propria Elastin fibers
   w/ ant-post orientation
4. Lamina propria deepest layer, collagen fibers which prohibit extension
5. Thyrovocalis Muscle - makes up bulk of VF

Question 13

What are the mucosal lining of VF

Answer 13

1st & 2nd layer of epithelial layer and 1st lamina propria

Question 14

What are the vocal ligament of VF

Answer 14

2nd & 3rd layer of lamina propria

Question 15

Explain the thyroaryteniod muscles

Answer 15

Muscle fibers helping form the vocal fold

Aids changes in fundamental frequency

Frequently divided into: vocalis & muscularis

Question 16

What are muscles of the VF

Answer 16

Thyrovocalis:
Medial muscle & contraction tenses VF

Thyromuscularis:
Muscle masses immediately lateral to vocalis & contraction relaxes VF

Question 17

Where are the vocal folds located?

Answer 17

Vocalis: originates inner surfaces of thyroid cartilage & inserting into lateral surface aryteniod vocal processes

Muscularis: Originates on inner surface of the thyroid cartilage & Inserts into the arytenoid cartilage at muscular process and base