MODULE 3

Question 1

What are the two potential targets for the immune system?

Answer 1

1. Virus particle

2. Virus-infected cell

Question 2

What are some mechanisms of intrinsic immunity?

Answer 2

Autophagy: recycle damaged cell content
Apoptosis: programmed cell death
Physical barriers: e.g. mucosal surfaces
Antiviral resistance factors: TRIM and non-TRIM proteins

Question 3

What are the two professional phagocytes?

Answer 3

PMNL: circulating in blood
Macrophages: outside of blood stream, other fluid filled areas

Question 4

How to NK cells find virus-infected cells?

Answer 4

Circulate and detect low MHC levels, cause lysis

Question 5

What are dendritic cells?

Answer 5

They secrete interferons (signal molecules that activate innate and adaptive immunity) and process and present antigens to the adaptive immune system.

Question 6

Which classification of eukaryotes use the RNAi pathway?

Answer 6

Invertebrates and plants

Question 7

Which two proteins use viral DNA segments to basepair with other viral dsDNA in the host cell as a innate immune response?

Answer 7

RISC protein in RNAi pathway

Cas protein in CRISPR system

Question 8

Where is an paratope/epitope located?

Answer 8

Epitopes are on the surface of viruses

Paratopes are the lymphocytes BCRs/TCRs

Question 9

What two types of daughter cells can lymphocytes produce?

Answer 9

Effector: activated, non-dividing, short-lived, mount immune response
Memory: inactive, non-dividng, long-lived, provide immunological memory