Module 4: Prenatal Development Flashcards
what are teratogens
Enviornmental agent that causes harm to the embryo and fetus (drugs and alcohol)
what are the 3 factors that determine the extent of damage a teratogen can cause
amount of exposure
baby’s genetics
time of exposure
Germinal period (2 weeks)
most vulnerable time for teratogens to cause harm to the morula (early stage embryo)
Embryonic period (weeks 3-8)
organs and support systems are formed
Fetal Period (weeks 9-birth)
rapid growth of everything else
Drugs and medications that affect mother and developing fetus
recreational drugs
prescription drugs
nonprescription drugs
obstetrical medications
What are the Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs):
FAS
ARND
ARBD
Fetal alcohol syndryone
alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders
alcohol-related birth defects
what is NAS
Neonatal abstinence syndrome
the outcome of FASDS: growth deficiency
low birth weight
increased risk of congenital anomalies
Outcome of FASDS: Craniofacial anomalies
obstruction of upper airway passages
Cleft palate
Outcome of FASDS: Central Nervous system dysfunctions
poor motor coordination
IQ less than 70
Sensorineural hearing loss
ADHD
Increased risk for seizures
Delayed language development
How does cocaine affect birth effects
brain damage
lower responsiveness
attention span
birth weight & head circumference
irritability
preterm birth
miscarriage
gross and fine motor deficiencies
Maternal Tobacco smoking: Prenatal complications
Placenta previa
Placenta abruption
increased chances of miscarriage
higher rates of general and intrauterine growth
retardation
Postnatal complications of Maternal tobacco smoking
Congenital heart defects
Lower birth weight
small for gestational age
SIDS (sudden death of infant under 1)
respiratory disorders
ear infections
Prenatal development with Prescription drugs
Malformation
Damage to fastest growing and developing body organs and tissues
Damage to corresponding organs and tissues being treated
