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VBMS 324 > module 5- ruminant GI lecture 1 > Flashcards

module 5- ruminant GI lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

true stomach

A

abomasum

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2
Q

what side of the cow should you perform a physical examination

A

left, no omasum or abomasum in the way

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3
Q

order of food flow

A

reticulum -> rumen -> omasum -> abomasum

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4
Q

dorsal vs ventral

A

d- back/spine
v- bottom of stomach

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5
Q

cranial vs claudal

A

cranial- towards head
claudal- towards rear

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6
Q

reticulum texture- function

A

honeycomb, used to sift food particles

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7
Q

why is it called the reticulorumen

A

bc there is no sphincter between recticulum & rumen

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8
Q

rumination

A

regurgitates previously digested feed & brings it back to mouth for more chewing

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9
Q

hardware disease

A

if metal object punctures reticulum wall = lots of bacteria enter body cavity & causes infection - use magnet

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10
Q

suckling reflex

A

triggers reticulum to form a groove from contractions so milk can bypass the rumen & go to abomasum

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11
Q

where does main absorption occur

A

rumen

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12
Q

largest organ in abdominal cavity

A

rumen

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13
Q

texture of rumen & function

A

papillae- increase surface area for absorption of VFAs

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14
Q

where does main water absorption/electrolyte occur- why?

A

omasum, removes excess water so pH is not disrupted as it moves along tract

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15
Q

omasum texture & function

A

lamina (folds)- increase surface area & squeezes digesta & allows what absorption

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16
Q

VFA absorption can alter pH of omasum by?

A

it prevents buffering = changes in pH

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17
Q

T or F: absorption occurs in the abomasum

A

F

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18
Q

what is secreted by the abomasum

A

HCI, pepsin & lysozome to kill off bacteria

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19
Q

advantages of ruminant fermentation

A

more efficient, rumination, detoxification, B vitamins, microbial protein

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20
Q

disadvantages of ruminant fermentation

A

slow, rumen capacity limits intake, lower digestibility=slower passage rate

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21
Q

ruminant fermentation is fore or hindgut?

A

foregut

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22
Q

pregnancy toxemia

A

baby takes up too much room of the rumen so mother cannot eat as much

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23
Q

browsers

A

selectively eat feed, high concentrate diet, more frequent smaller meals, faster fermentation, homogenous

24
Q

grazers

A

plant material (mostly grass), high fibre diet, larger less frequent meals, slow fermentation, fibrous raft

25
Q

intermediates

A

graze & browse- goats

26
Q

stratification

A

top layer- low density
mid layer- mod density
bottom layer- high density

27
Q

T or F: both grazers & browsers have gas pocket at the top for CO2 & CH4 to escape

A

T

28
Q

eructation

A

gas release from fermentation

29
Q

rumen motility- fermentation vs absorption

A

incoming feed particles mixes with microbes in order for them to start fermenting new feed, contact with epithelium causes absorption

30
Q

primary contraction cycle

A

major mixing cycle, function is to move digesta into reticulym

31
Q

secondary contraction cycle (eructation) function

A

tilts gas pocket towards cardia & allows gas to be released

32
Q

T or F: cardia will not relax to release gas if froth blocks it

A

T

33
Q

where does gas go during inhalation

A

mainly into trachea/lungs & sometimes gas expired directly

34
Q

how often can cows ruminant for?

A

up to 10 hours a day

35
Q

how is rumen motility controlled

A

input from CNS

36
Q

what does the intrinsic nerve plexus cause

A

causes muscle tone but not rumen motility

37
Q

what is key determinate of rumen contraction

A

vagus nerve

38
Q

T or F: vagus nerve is responsible for both primary & secondary contractions

A

T

39
Q

what does the splanchnic nerve do to motility

A

inhibits motility, SNS

40
Q

how does the PNS effect motility

A

stimulates it

41
Q

what controls rumen motility

A

gastric centres in the medulla

42
Q

activation of motility is dependent on the balance what 2 signals?

A

excitatory & inhibitory

43
Q

3 stimulatory signals of rumen motility

A

1) buccal mechanoreceptors
2 rumen tension receptors
3) rumen epithelial touch receptors

44
Q

5 inhibitory signals of rumen motility

A

1) pain
2) medications- sedatives
3) chemoreceptors- detect low pH
4) rumen tension receptors - if too full
5) high threshold tension stretch receptors -bloat

45
Q

T or F: rumen stretch receptors respond differently to high vs moderate/low stretch

A

T

46
Q

low pH in rumen vs abomasum effect on chemical stimulation

A

rumen- inhibits rumen motility ( too much fermentation occuring)

abomasum- stimulate rumen motility (empty stomach)

47
Q

passive distention & chemicals affects what kind of receptors

A

duodenal

48
Q

3 ways to evaluate rumen motility

A

1) visual
2) palpation
3) listening

49
Q

left paralumbar fossa

A

forms triangle on left side of cow- should be concaved & soft

50
Q

what do you want to hear when you place your stethoscope in left paralumbar fossa

A

rumbling- indicates primary contraction

51
Q

what does it mean if you hear splashing or percussion/tapping noises in a cow?

A

splashing- increased water in rumen from acidosis

percussion- displaced abomasum

52
Q

hypomotility

A

less than normal

53
Q

atony/stasis

A

no motility

54
Q

what medication are cattle very sensitive to

A

xylazine - inhibits motility

55
Q

how can the vagus nerve inhibit motilty

A

if there is damage/lesion to vagus nerve = no signal = inhibits motility

56
Q

increased sympathetic stimulation stimulates what nerve?

A

splanchinic nerve

57
Q
A

VBMS 324 (15 decks)

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