Module 9 - Commemorating Death: Memorials

Question 1

For who or what is a monument for?

Answer 1

to a dead or living person or event, implies “monumental” (large form)

Question 1

To who or what is a memorial for?

Answer 1

only to a dead person, to a specific past event

Question 2

Why are monuments constructed?

Answer 2

• commemorate/memorialize and to project that memory into the future
• to demonstrate power
• to beautify a landscape
• to engender or promote certain thinking and behavior
• to warn against a potential disaster
• to commemorate a particular positive political or social action
• to honor a group of people past and present who have made professional contributions to society

Question 3

What is the controversy of Jefferson Memorial?

Answer 3

He was a slaveowner

Question 4

Where is Lincoln buried?

Answer 4

Springfield’s Oak Ridge Cemetery

Question 5

Why is FDR memorial controversial?

Answer 5

He was disabled due to polio and his memorial doesn’t show this, could empower people that are disabled

Question 6

Which statue was built and taken down in Lima, Peru?

Answer 6

Francisco Pizarro’s Statue

Question 7

Who doesn’t like the Crazy Horse Memorial? Why?

Answer 7

Native American community because some view its construction as an attack on the landscape and affront to Crazy Horse’s beliefs

Question 8

What does erasure mean?

Answer 8

regime change

Question 9

What are spontaneous (makeshift) Memorials?

Answer 9

Memorials that are constructed by the general public with a passion to memorialize someone that has passed

Question 10

Where are the most important memorials of the US located?

Answer 10

National Mall, Washington, D.C.

Question 11

What is controversial about the WW2 Memorial made in 2004?

Answer 11

• Architecture is fascist
• Architect, Friedrich St. Florian, is from Austria, which never underwent de-Nazification, his work suggest the grandiose schemes of Hitler’s architect and confident, Albert Speer

Question 12

Where is the WW1 memorial located?

Answer 12

Pershing Park, named after General Pershing, not in National Mall

Question 13

Where is the memorial of “The Murdered Jews of Europe”?

Answer 13

Berlin

Question 14

What does “stolpersteine” mean?

Answer 14

Stumbling stones

Question 15

What is stolpersteine? In terms of its purpose.

Answer 15

monuments that commemorates a Holocaust victim of the Nazis

Question 16

True or false. Stolperstein only commemorates jewish victims of the Holocaust.

Answer 16

False. homosexuals and others who were persecuted by the Nazis were also commemorated

Question 17

Where is the “Deportation Memorial”?

Answer 17

Paris

Question 18

Why is the “Deportation Memorial” successful?

Answer 18

Conveys the feelings of hopelessness and suffocation and showed what each symbol represented that were found on the victims of the Holocaust

Question 19

What did the Nazis do in Babyn Yar?

Answer 19

Shot 100,000 in the head and burned the evidence in this location

Question 20

What was the result of Russia’s Bombardment of Kyiv?

Answer 20

One of the largest Holocaust mass graves in Eastern Europe was erased from the landscape

Question 21

What does the Hebrew word, “Shoah” mean?

Answer 21

catastrophe

Question 22

What does the Shoah refer to?

Answer 22

Specifically refers to the killing of 6 million Jews in Europe by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during WW2

Question 23

What city and year made a memorial for victims of Domestic Terrorism in the US?

Answer 23

Oklahoma City, 1995

Question 24

What is the memorial for 9/11 called?

Answer 24

“Reflecting Absence” aka Ground Zero

Question 25

What is Ground Zero?

Answer 25

the tragic erasure can be commemorated through absence

Question 26

Dark Tourism

Answer 26

tourism to sites are associated with significant disaster, significant untimely death, mass suffering, places at which a large scale of death and destruction occurred

Question 27

True or false. Gladiatorial games in the Roman colosseum are considered to be dark tourism

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What are examples of public executions?

Answer 28

the gallows, beheadings, guillotine

Question 29

What are two points that Philip Stone brings up about Dark Tourism?

Answer 29

1) Dark Tourism provides a physical place to link the living with the dead
2) Dark Tourism offers a “cognitive space” for the “Self” to construct a philosophical framework on the meanings of mortality

Question 30

What’s important to understand about Dark Tourism?

Answer 30

1) Understand the attraction of death and war as tourist attractions
2) Understand the specific management issues raised by such sensitive tourists sites

Question 31

What is a premier example of dark tourism?

Answer 31

Sites of the Holocaust, World Trade Center, Memorial Center at Cheoung Ek

Question 32

What site is associated with a particular kind of dark tourism linked with history and roots?

Answer 32

Slave castle

Question 33

What is Kanchanaburi?

Answer 33

the bridge over the River Kwai

Question 34

Where is Kanchanaburi?

Answer 34

Thailand, next to Bangkok

Question 35

What is the significance of Kanchanaburi?

Answer 35

The Japanese wanted to supply their troops who were fighting the British in Burma

Question 36

What was Phnom Pehn previous name?

Answer 36

pearl of Asia

Question 37

Significance of Toul Sleng

Answer 37

Became a torture camp, prison, execution center, it looks like an ordinary school

Question 38

What is known to be the “Museum of Genocide”?

Answer 38

Tuol Sleng Prison Museum

Question 39

What is the Cambodian Genocide?

Answer 39

communist guerrilla group led by Pol Pot took power in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia and forced all city dwellers into the countryside and to labor camps and 30% of the population died to starvation, torture, or execution

Question 40

What is Siem Reap adjacent to?

Answer 40

Angkor