Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > Module F > Flashcards

Module F Flashcards

1
Q

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

A

Satiety center - decrease in feeding behavior *glucose/leptin = regulate satiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lateral Hypothalamus

A

Increase in feeding behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ventromedial Hypothalamic Syndrome (Frohlich Syndrome)

A

Cause: damage to ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus

ROS: obesity due to caloric imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

Cause: insufficiency of supraoptic n. of hypothalamus

ROS: absence of ADH inducing excessive thirst (polydypsia) and polyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypothermia

A

Lesion of posterior hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Anterior hypothalamus lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Horner’s Syndrome

A

Cause: PICA syndrome, pancoast tumor, lesion of hypothalamospinal pathway ROS: miosis, anhydrosis, ptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Automatic Bladder

A

Cause: suprasacral spinal transection

ROS: pt will not have sensory signals conveyed to cortex so bladder fills to a threshold in pressure is reached then there is spontaneous (automatic) emptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atonic bladder

A

Cause: lesion to midsacral efferent/afferent (e.g. - conus medullaris) interrupting urinary reflex arc

ROS: sensation of bladder fullness is lost and pt will be unable to contract detrusor (PsNS) for micturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Jet Lag (Desynchronosis)

A

Mismatch of circadian clock w/ light/dark stimuli

ROS: insomnia and daytime sleepiness

*worse from West –> East

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

A

Symptoms begin in autumn and remit in spring, persons @ high altitudes corresponding to lengthened dark periods

ROS: changes in mood and sleep patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Hypnogram: rapid onset of REM sleep

ROS: cataplexy (sleep paralysis), usually triggered by heightened emotions

Tx: Modafinil - modulates central dopaminergic pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Periaqueductal gray

A

Pain modulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

increased prolactin after TBI

A

Dopamine has inhibitory effect on lactotrophes, so increased prolactin levels after TBI would indicate possible injury of infundibulum of pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypothalamus + Posterior Pituitary

A

SAD - POX Suprachiasmatic nucleus: ADH Paraventricular nucleus: oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anterior Hypothalamus

A

Decreases body temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Posterior Hypothalamus

A

Increases body temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adrenal Medulla (SNS)

A

Modified post-ganglionic (2nd order) sympathetic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hirschprung’s Dz (Megacolon)

A

Absence of myenteric plexus and submucosal plexuses in GI ROS: deficient motility/peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

A

increased output or sensitization of nociceptors to NE ROS: chronic pain following injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Atenelol

A

Beta-1 antagonist Tx: HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Salbutamol

A

Beta-2 agonist Tx: asthma (bronchodilator)

23
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist Tx: dilates pupils, reduces drooling in Parkinson’s pts

24
Q

Orgasm

A

A surge of dopamine to the ventral tegmental area

25
Q

cVLM (caudal ventro lateral medulla)

A

Projections are GABAergic = depressor center

26
Q

rVLM (rostral ventro lateral medulla)

A

Projections are glutaminergic - drives the SNS cell bodies in IML and augments innervation to the heart

27
Q

NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius) <3

A

Glutaminergic projections to nucleus ambiguus (nAmb), drives PSNS/visceral innervation through CN 9 and 10 *seen as great integrator

28
Q

Caudal VRG (ventral respiratory group)

A

Expiratory neurons

29
Q

Rostral VRG (ventral respiratory group)

A

Inspiratory neurons (connection to phrenic nucleus)

30
Q

Pre-Botzinger Complex

A

Pacemaker of respiration, ventral medulla

31
Q

Central chemoreceptors

A

Location: ventral medulla

Sense: CO2

32
Q

Peripheral chemorecptors

A

Located: carotid body/aorta

Sense: O2, CO2 and H+

33
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

A

Lesion: corticospinal and corticobulbar fibers

ROS: apneic periods followed by period of waxing and waning respiratory depth

34
Q

Apneustic Respiration

A

Lesion: pons

ROS: prolonged inspiration plateaus of high lung volume followed by prolonged expiratory pauses with low lung volume

35
Q

Ataxic Respiration

A

Lesion: medulla

ROS: randomly occurring lare and small breaths alternating with prolonged eriods of apnea

36
Q

Zeitgeber

A

External temporal cues E. g. - light, social interactions, etc.

37
Q

Circadian pacemaker?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of hypothalamus

*light is primary stimulus via retino-hypothalamic fibers

38
Q

Awake (EEG)

A
39
Q

REM Sleep

A

👆🏽 ACh, lack of suppression by prefrontal areas

40
Q

Stage-1 nREM

A
41
Q

Stage-2 nREM

A
42
Q

Stage-3 nREM

A
43
Q

Stage-4 nREM

A
44
Q

ARAS (ascending reticular activating system)

A

*stimulates wakefulness

Cholinergic (PPT and LDT), monoaminergic, serotonergic (raphe nuclei), noradrenergic (locus coeruleus), dopaminergic (VTA), histaminergic (tuberomamillary), cholinergic (basal forebrai)

45
Q

VLPO (ventro-lateral preoptic nuclei)

A

GABAergic neurons that inhibits ARAS during nREM sleep

46
Q

Zolpidem

A

Tx: insomnia

non-benzo (non-BZD)

47
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Input from SCN induces release of high melatonin levels during darkness

*aka epithalamus

48
Q

Somnambulism

A

ROS: sleep-walking (in stages 3-4 of nREM)

49
Q

Restless Leg Syndrome

A

Tx: L-DOPA and Gabapentin

50
Q
A

Child

51
Q
A

Young adult

52
Q
A

Elderly

53
Q
A
54
Q
A

Neuroscience (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions