Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > Module G > Flashcards

Module G Flashcards

1
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Cause: unclear but excess dopamine

ROS: social isolation/withdrawal, flat affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Psychotic Episode (Schizo)

A

(1 or more must be present)

+ symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disordered thoughts/incoherence, unusual postures/mannerisms/rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Non-psychotic Period (Schizo)

A
  • symptoms: eccentric behavior, social isolation, flat affect, reduced social drive, poverty of speech, poor attention span, lack of motivation

*lateral and 3rd ventricles enlarged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dx Schizophrenia

A

Exclusion of: encephalitis/meningitis, intoxication, brain tumor, manic-depressive illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Typical Antipsychotic drugs

A

D1 and D2 receptor antagonists

Side effects: hand tremor, muscle rigidity (long term = tardive dyskinesia)

*E.g. - Haloperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Major Depression

A

ROS: dysfunction in work, focus, sleep, eating, and enjoyable activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antidepressive Tx

A

SSRI and MAOI: to keep serotonin in synaptic cleft

ECT: for life-threatening cases

Prophylactic tx: Li, carbamacepine, lamotrigine, valproate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bipolar Disorder (manic depressive illness)

A

Depressed phase - sx of major depression

Manic phase - overactive, over-talkative, excessive energy

Tx: antipsychotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Cause: hippocampus damage

ROS: loss of past mems (months-years before trauma)

*can only form new mems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Cause: hippocampus damage

ROS: inability after trauma to form new mems (can only recall past mems)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Brain Dead

A

Dx: isoelectric EEG

ROS: no movement, no response to stimuli, no spontaneous respiration, pupils dilated and nonreactive, no corneal reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Coma

A

Deep state of unconsciousness, pt is alive but not able to move or respond to environmental stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Persistent Vegetative State

A

Loss of higher brain functions w breathing/circulation intact; unable to respond to commands, speak, and respond to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Locked-In Syndrome

A

Cause: basilar a. occlusion (pons)

*bilateral involvement of ventromedial basilar a. branches

ROS: paralysis of voluntary muscles in body except for eye movements, ascending sensory is mainly intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

GCS

A

Eye (4)

Verbal (5)

Motor (6)

*intubate @ GCS: 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transcortical Sensory Aphasia

A

Cause: damage to perisylvian area (hypoxia)

ROS: fluent, poor comprehension, good repetition, inability to speak spontaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gerstmann Syndrome

A

Cause: lesion of angular gyrus

ROS: fluent speech, decreased comprehension of written language, agraphia, acalculia

*hemianopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Conduction Aphasia

A

Cause: lesion of arcuate fasciculus

ROS: fluent, good comprehension, poor repetition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

Cause: damaged Broca’s area (frontal)

ROS: nonfluent, good comprehension, poor repetition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Transcortical Motor Aphasia

A

Cause: damage anterior and superior to Broca’s area

ROS: nonfluent, good comprehension, good repetition (similar to Broca’s, but less severe bc CAN repeat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Global Aphasia

A

ROS: unable to produce and comprehend language

22
Q

Declarative memory

A

Facts, places, events

*hippocampal formation, available to consciousness

23
Q

Non-declarative (procedural) memory

A

Skills (striatum), habits, emotional responses (amygdala)

*not available to consciousness

24
Q

Transient Global Amnesia

A

Brief phase of retrograde amnesia assoc w/ sudden anterograde amnesia lasting mins to days

25
Q

Alzheimer’s Dz

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins) in soma, plaques in synapses extracellularly, intracellular vacuolation (granulovacuolar degeneration)

26
Q

Pick’s Dz

A

Mechanism: Pick bodies in cytoplasm of cells, unilateral atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes, astrogiliosis, depletion of cholinergic neurons in n. of Meynert

ROS: similar to Alzheimer’s, behavioral disturbances and aphasia

27
Q

Prion Dz

A

Affects neurons in cortex and basal ganglia

28
Q

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

A

X-linked Recessive, mutation of androgen receptor

ROS: nml levels of hormones, but receptor mutation so ambiguous genitalia (XY but with female external genitalia)

29
Q

James-Lange Theory

A

Body then feels

30
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

Feels then body

31
Q

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

A

Cause: bilateral removal/lesion of amygdala

ROS: dramatic change in emotional behavior, increased sexual behaviors, flattening of emotions

32
Q

Psychomotor Epilepsy

A

Originate in temporal lobe

ROS: olfactory/gustatory hallucinations, followed by mood change and laps into dreamy state and lastly a motor phase

*pt has no memory of the experience at all

33
Q

Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs

A

D3 and D4 receptor antagonists

Side effects: almost none, good alt tx to typical antipsychotics like Haloperidol

*E.g. - Clozapine, Olanzapine

34
Q

Alexia

A

Cause: lesion to splenium (of corpus callosum)

ROS: word blindness, inability to read in the left visual field

35
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

A

Circadian clock, located in hypothalamus, larger in females (more elongated) and homosexual men, smaller and more spherical in males

36
Q

Donepezil

A

Tx: Alzheimer’s

Mechanism: reversible AChE inhibitor (muscarinic agonist?), increases the amt of ACh b/c loss of cholinergic neurons correlates w/ the grade of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s

37
Q

Aducanumab

A

Tx: Alzheimer’s

Mechanism: monoclonal Ab that decreases the amount of reduction in amyloid plaques

38
Q

Progeria

A

Cause: gene mutation producing defective protein that normally holds the nucleus and cell together

ROS: accelerated aging, death btwn 8-21 years from heart dz

39
Q

Alzheimer’s Stages

A
  1. Family notices
  2. Physician notices
40
Q

Where is the lesion and what type of breathing?

A

Forebrain - Cheyenne-Stokes

41
Q

Where is the lesion and what type of breathing?

A

Midbrain - Hyperventillating

42
Q

Where is the lesion and what type of breathing?

A

Lower pons/upper medulla - Ataxic

43
Q

Where is the lesion and what type of breathing?

A

Pons - Apneustic

44
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

Cause: damage to Wernicke’s area (temporal)

ROS: fluent, poor comprehension, poor repeating

*sometimes hemianopia

45
Q

Diazapam

A

GABAa agonist

*benzodiazepine

46
Q

Haloperidol

A

D2 antagonist

47
Q

Clonidine

A

alpha-2 agonist

48
Q

Critical Period for sexual differentiation?

A

12-20 weeks (2nd trimester)

49
Q

Anxiety

A

Hyperactive amygdala and hypoactive hippocampus

50
Q
A

Neuroscience (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions