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AS Chemistry > Molecular Ions > Flashcards

Molecular Ions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula for the sulfate ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

SO4 2-

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2
Q

What is the formula for the sulphite ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

SO3 (2-)

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3
Q

What is the formula for the thiosulfate ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

S2O3 (2-)

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4
Q

What is the formula for the hydrogen sulfate ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

HSO4 (-)

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5
Q

What is the formula for the hydrogencarbonate ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

HCO3 (-)

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6
Q

What is the formula for the carbonate ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

CO3 (2-)

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7
Q

What is the formula for the nitrate ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

NO3 (-)

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8
Q

What is the formula for the nitrite ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

NO2 (-)

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9
Q

What is the formula for the phosphate ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

PO4 (3-)

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10
Q

What is the formula for the chlorate ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

ClO3 (-)

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11
Q

What is the formula for the hypochlorite ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

ClO (-)

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12
Q

What is the formula for the hydroxide ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

HO (-)

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13
Q

What is the formula for the dichromate ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

Cr2O7 (2-)

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14
Q

What is the formula for the chromate ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

CrO4 (2-)

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15
Q

What is the formula for the permanganate ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

MnO4 (-)

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16
Q

What is the formula for the ammonium ion? Include the charge of the ion.

A

NH4 (+)

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17
Q

Finish the equation:

Metal + oxygen ->

A

Metal + oxygen -> metal oxide

18
Q

Finish the equation:

Metal + water ->

A

Metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

19
Q

Finish the equation:

Metal + steam ->

A

Metal + steam -> metal oxide + hydrogen

20
Q

Finish the equation:

Metal + acid ->

A

Metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen

21
Q

Finish the equation:

Base + acid ->

A

Base + acid -> salt + water

22
Q

Finish the equation:

Metal carbonate + acid ->

A

Metal carbonate + acid -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

23
Q

What is the procedure to heating a hydrated solid to a constant mass?

A

1- Weigh and record the mass of the empty crucible.
2- Weigh between 3.5g and 4.0g of the hydrated copper (III) sulfate into the crucible.
3- Record the mass of the crucible and contents
4- Set up tripod, heat mat and Bunsen burner. Place pipe-clay triangle over the tripod and securely mount the crucible on top of the pipe-clay triangle
5- Heat the crucible steadily for five minutes. Use tongs to remove the crucible onto a heat-proof may and leave to cool for a few minutes.
6- Once cooled, use tongs to transfer the crucible to the balance and record the total mass of the crucible and contents
7- Place the crucible back into the pipe-clay triangle and heat for a further five minutes. Leave to cool for a few minutes.
8- After cooling, transfer the crucible to the balance and record the mass of the crucible and contents.
9- Repeat step 7 and 8 if the mass of the crucible has not yet reached a constant mass.

24
Q

What are the parts of the labelled diagram for the apparatus used for heating to a constant mass?

A

-Hydrated substance
-Crucible
-Pipe-clay triangle
-Tripod
-Heat-proof mat
-Heat

25
Q

What is the procedure for testing for halide ions?

A

1- Dissolve a spatula measure of potassium chloride in 2-3cm3 of dilute nitric acid
2- Add 1cm3 of silver nitrate and record observations
3- Add 1cm3 of dilute ammonia solution and record observations
4- Add excess dilute ammonia solution and record observations
5- If the precipitate remains, repeat steps 2 and 3 using concentrated ammonia solution in place of dilute ammonia solution
6- Repeat steps 1-5 using potassium bromide in place of potassium chloride.
7- Repeat steps 1-5 using potassium iodid in place of potassium chloride.

26
Q

What are the observations when reacting halide compounds with silver nitrate?

A

KCl: White precipitate forms
KBr: Cream precipitate forms
KI: Yellow precipitate forms

27
Q

What are the observations when reacting halide compounds with dilute NH3?

A

KCl: Precipitate disappears
KBr: Precipitate remains
KI: Precipitate remains

28
Q

What are the observations when reacting halide compounds with concentrated NH3?

A

KCl: - (Precipitate doesn’t form)
KBr: Precipitate disappears
KI: Precipitate remains

29
Q

What is the procedure for testing for sulfate ions?

A

1- Dissolve a spatula measure of sodium sulfate in 2-3cm3 of deionised water
2- Add 1-2cm3 of barium chloride solution and record observations

30
Q

What is the observations when reacting barium chloride with sodium sulfate?

A

White precipitate forms

31
Q

Finish the ionic equation:

Acid + hydroxide->

A

H+(aq) + HO-(aq) -> H2O(l)

32
Q

Finish the ionic equation:

Acid + carbonate ->

A

2H+(aq) + CO3 2-(aq) -> H2O(l) + CO2(g)

33
Q

Finish the ionic equation:

Acid + hydrogen carbonate ->

A

H+(aq) + HCO3 - (aq) -> H2O(l) + CO2(g)

34
Q

Finish the ionic equation:

Acid + ammonia ->

A

H+(aq) + NH3(aq) -> NH4+(aq)

35
Q

What does ‘molecular ion’ mean?

A

Two or more atoms covalently bonded with an overall charge

36
Q

What does ‘Avagadro’s Constant’ mean?

A

The number of atoms in 12.000g of carbon-12 (6.02 x 10^23)

37
Q

What does a ‘mole’ mean?

A

The amount of substance which contains the Avagadro constant of atoms, molecules or groups or ions

38
Q

What does ‘molar mass’ mean?

A

The mass of one mole of a substance

39
Q

What does ‘anhydrous salt’ mean?

A

A salt which contains no water of crystallisation

40
Q

What does ‘hydrated salt’ mean?

A

A salt which contains water of crystallisation

41
Q

What does ‘water of crystallisation’ mean?

A

Water chemically bonded within a crystal structure

AS Chemistry (2 decks)

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