Monitoring

Question 0

Left ventricle ischemic?

Answer 0

Increase o2, lower heart rate, increase bp

Question 1

Three stages of myocardial infarction

Answer 1

1) t wave peaking followed by t wave inversion. 2) st segment elevation 3) appearance of new q waves

Question 2

Atrial flutter

Answer 2

Sawtooth

Question 3

Atrial fibrillation

Answer 3

Scratching

Question 4

WHo/ish classification for bp grade 1

Answer 4

140-159/90-99

Question 5

WHo/ish classification for bp grade 2

Answer 5

160-179/100-109

Question 6

WHo/ish classification for bp grade 3

Answer 6

> 180/>110

Question 7

Bp Cuff width should be approx x of the limbs circumference

Answer 7

40%

Question 8

Mean pressure equation

Answer 8

1/3 (the difference between systole and diastole) + diastole

Question 9

In hypertensive range, indirect methods _____ direct measurements

Answer 9

Underestimate

Question 10

In hypotensive range, indirect methods ______ direct measurements

Answer 10

Overestimate

Question 11

Peak oscillation pressure in the cuff is

Answer 11

The mean pressure in the artery (max oscillating at mean)

Question 12

What are the volume conductors in the body?

Answer 12

Blood, pericardial fluid, interstitial fluid, intercellular fluid

Question 13

Cardiac rhythm

Answer 13

Refers to origin and pathway of electrical rhythm of heart (sinus rhythm)

Question 14

Tri axial reference system refers to the limb leads (1 2 and 3) having what angle of variation?

Answer 14

60 degrees

Question 15

Depolarization occurs in what direction?

Answer 15

Negative to positive with your positive electrode as the camera resulting in an upward stroke

Question 16

Hexaxial system includes what leads?

Answer 16

6 leads but only 3 physical leads are placed (which are the physical 3 limb leads ra la ll)

Question 17

Augmented leads use the same three leads as

Answer 17

Standard limb leads (no actual extra leads are placed!)

Question 18

Limb leads measure electrical activity in what plane?

Answer 18

Coronal or frontal plane

Question 19

Precordial leads measure electrical activity in the

Answer 19

Transverse or horizontal plane

Question 20

If a negative wave occurs but no positive wave during the “qrs” complex what is the wave referred to as?

Answer 20

Qs wave because r waves are always positive

Question 21

Precordial leads are what type of polarity?

Answer 21

Positive. They are considered unipolar leads w approx 30degree variation

Question 22

Virtual reference point is the

Answer 22

Summation of the limb leads (negative in the center)

Question 23

How do you calculate heart rate using ECG paper?

Answer 23

1500/no of small squares from r-r or 300/no of big squares from r-r

Question 24

Perfusion is ability to transport nutrient to tissue. What two things do u need?

Answer 24

Need blood flow and to have pressure to drive nutrients

Question 25

Which leads are best to detect ischemia?

Answer 25

Lead v4 and v5