Monogastric Digestive System

Question 1

What does monogastric mean?

Answer 1

means a stomach has only one chamber

Question 2

What components make up the monogastric digestive system?

Answer 2

tongue
salivary glands
mouth
oesophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
pancreas
liver
gallbladder

Question 3

What happens to food when it enters the mouth?

Answer 3

food is broken down mechanically by the teeth and chemically by saliva

Question 4

What type of teeth do carnivores have?

Answer 4

sharp canine teeth and incisors

Question 5

What type of teeth do herbivores have?

Answer 5

broad and flat molars

Question 6

What type of teeth do omnivores have?

Answer 6

teeth display characteristics of both carnivores and herbivores

Question 7

What causes the salivary glands to produce saliva?

Answer 7

the tongue transmits taste sensations to the brain

Question 8

What enzymes are in saliva?

Answer 8

amylase which breaks down carbohydrates

lipase which begins to break down fats

Question 9

Where does the major breakdown of food occur?

Answer 9

the stomach

Question 10

How does the stomach break down food?

Answer 10

stomach produces hydrochloric acid which begins the breakdown of protein by exposing the peptide bonds that hold the protein molecules together

pepsin breaks the peptide bonds and breaks protein down into constituent amino acids

lipase continues to break down fat

stomach muscles contract in order to churn up food and move it along to the small intestine

Question 11

What happens to broken down food in the small intestine?

Answer 11

food is broken down into small nutrient particles which can be absorbed into the cells of the small intestine and then into the bloodstream

Question 12

What enzymes in the small intestine help break down food into particles?

Answer 12

maltase converts maltose into glucose

sucrase converts sucrose into glucose and fructose

lactase converts lactose into glucose and galactose

erepsin breaks peptides into their constituent amino acids

Question 13

What happens to the nutrients at the end of the small intestine?

Answer 13

by the end of the small intestine most of the nutrients have been absorbed by the small intestine

Question 14

Are any digestive enzymes produced in the large intestine?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

What happens to broken down food in the large intestine?

Answer 15

water and any remaining nutrients are absorbed leaving faeces which are then compacted and eventually passed out through defecation via the anus

Question 16

What does the body produce in order to stop the acid from the stomach damaging the small intestine?

Answer 16

two alkaline substances are secreted

Question 17

What are the two alkaline substances that are secreted to protect the small intestine from the stomach acids?

Answer 17

bile that is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that neutralises the food broken down in the stomach

pancreatic juices released when food is moved from the stomach to the small intestine
contains bicarbonate that neutralises stomach acids

Question 18

How do pancreatic juices help digest food?

Answer 18

contain lipase for the continued breakdown of fats

contain amylase for the continued breakdown of carbohydrates

contain elastase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase for the continued breakdown of proteins

Question 19

What does the chewed up food in the mouth form into?

Answer 19

a bolus

Question 20

Where does the bolus move to before the oesophagus?

Answer 20

pharynx

Question 21

What is a diastema?

Answer 21

a space in the mouth where food collects before being pushed to the back of the mouth by the tongue

Question 22

When is a dental pad present?

Answer 22

when animals lack upper incisors

Question 23

What muscle allows food to travel to the stomach?

Answer 23

gastro-oesophageal sphincter

Question 24

What are the muscle contractions that help move food along the digestive tract called?

Answer 24

peristalsis

Question 25

What secrets the stomach acids in the stomach?

Answer 25

the stomach mucosa

Question 26

What protects the stomach from corrosion from the acids?

Answer 26

the stomach mucosa

Question 27

What are the three parts of the small intestine called?

Answer 27

first part - duodenum
second part - jejunum
third part - ilium

Question 28

What are the three parts of the large intestine called?

Answer 28

first part - caecum
second part - colon
third part - rectum