Mood Disorders

Question 1

syndrome which includes confusion and clouding of consciousness that result from central nervous system impairment

Answer 1

delirium

Question 2

what are the neurophysiological factors of alzheimer’s disease

Answer 2

decreased activity of Ach and reduced brain levels of choline acetyltransferase
abnormal processing of amyloid precursor protein
overstimulation of NMDA receptor by glutamate leading to an influx of calcium

Question 2

genetic or familial association of cluster A personality disorders

Answer 2

psychotic illnesses

Question 3

in contrast to Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia has a ___________ risk for mean and is more likely to cause ______________

Answer 3

higher risk for men

more likely to cause motor symptoms

Question 4

characteristics of Schizoid personality disorder

Answer 4

long-standing pattern of voluntary social withdrawal

detached, restricted emotions, lacks empathy, has no though disorder

Question 4

characteristics of Schizotypal PD

Answer 4

peculiar appearance, magical thinking, odd thought patterns and behavior without frank psychosis

Question 5

what is the primary intervention in vascular dementia

Answer 5

the management of the cardiovascular disorder to prevent further infarcts from leading to deterioration in cognitive functioning

Question 6

an NMDA antagonist that decreases the influx of glutamate and thus slows deterioration in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer disease

Answer 6

memantine

Question 7

cluster B personality disorders

Answer 7

histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, and antisocial

Question 9

usually occurs in the course of an acute medical illness such as encephalitis or meningitis, drug abuse and withdrawal (alcohol)

Answer 9

delirium

Question 11

course of delirium

Answer 11

develops quickly

fluctuating course with lucid intervals

Question 12

associated physical findings of delirium

Answer 12

abnormal EEG (fast wave activity or generalized slowling)

Acute medical illness

autonomic dysfunction

Question 12

which PD cannot be diagnosed until age 18 and prior to this age, the diagnosis is conduct disorder

Answer 12

antisocial PD

Question 13

do patients with Lewy body dementia respond well to antipsychotic medications?

Answer 13

no, patients typically have adverse responses to antipsychotics

Question 14

hallmark of cluster A disorders

Answer 14

avoids social relationships, is peculiar but not psychotic

Question 15

cluster C personality disorders

Answer 15

avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, dependent

Question 16

HIV dementia must be differentiated from what in HIV patients?

Answer 16

delirium caused by cerebral lymphoma or opportunistic brain infection, such delirium is often reversible with chemotherapeutic or antibiotic agents

Question 17

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used to slow the progression of Alzheimer’s

Answer 17

tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine

Question 18

cluster A personality disorders

Answer 18

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

Question 19

Lewy body dementia is associated with what sleep disorder?

Answer 19

REM sleep behavior disorder

Question 20

which cognitive disorders are worse at night (sundowning)

Answer 20

delirium, dementia