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Theme 2 - 204 > Morphological Plan of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Morphological Plan of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the flexors and extensors located in the lower limb?

A

Flexors are posterior

Extensors are anterior

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2
Q

What is the order of the bones from the pelvis to the foot?

A 
Pelvis 
Femur
Fibula and Tibia 
Tarsal bones (x7)
Metatarsals (x5)
Phalanges (x14)
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3
Q

What line is between the neck and body of the femur?

A

Intertrochanteric line

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4
Q

Where are the greater and lesser trochanters of the femur found?

A

Greater trochanter is on the proximal tip of the femur

Lesser trochanter is found just below and medial to the neck of the femur

Both trochanters are found on the posterior side of the femur.

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5
Q

Where is the adductor tubercle found?

A

Just above the medial epicondyle

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6
Q

What is the intertrochanteric crest?

A

A ridge on the posterior side of the femur that joins the greater trochanter to the lesser trochanter

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7
Q

What do the intertrochanteric line and crest signify?

A

The transition from the neck of the femur to the shaft of the femur

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8
Q

Where are the tibia and fibula located with respect to each other?

A

Tibia is medial

Fibula is lateral

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9
Q

What are the different types of lower limb movements?

A
  • Flexion/Extension
  • Abduction/Adduction
  • Lateral/Medial Rotation
  • Pronation/Supination
  • Circumduction
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10
Q

What are the different joints in the lower limb?

A
  • Hip joint
  • Knee joint
  • Ankle joint
  • Joints of the foot
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11
Q

What are the different compartments of the thigh and what are their functions?

A
  • Anterior (extensors of the knee)
  • Posterior (flexors of the knee)
  • Medial (adductors of the thigh)
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12
Q

What are the different compartments of the leg and what are their functions?

A
  • Anterior (extensors of the foot)
  • Posterior (flexors of the foot)
  • Lateral (everters of the foot (rotates outwards))
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13
Q

What are the gluteal muscles and their functions?

A
  • Gluteus maximus = extensor and lateral rotator
  • Gluteus medius = abductor and medial rotator
  • Gluteus minimus = abductor and medial rotator
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14
Q

Via what tract can the gluteus maximus support the extended knee?

A

Iliotibial tract

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the gluteus maximus?

A

Origin = ilium

Insertion = Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract

Innervation = inferior gluteal nerve

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16
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Origin = ilium

Insertion = Greater trochanter of femur

Innervation = Superior gluteal nerve

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17
Q

What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Quadriceps

Sartorius

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18
Q

What are the 4 quadriceps and their main function?

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus intermedius

Extension of the knee

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19
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the quadriceps?

A

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

Innervation: Femoral nerve

20
Q

In addition to knee extension, what is another function of the rectus femoris?

A

Flexion of the hip

21
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body?

A

Sartorius

22
Q

What is the origin and innervation of the sartorius muscle?

A

Origin = Anterior superior iliac spine

Innervation = Femoral nerve

23
Q

What group of muscles make up the posterior compartment of the lower limb?

A

Hamstrings

24
Q

What are the hamstring muscles?

A

Semitendinosus

Semimembranous

Biceps femoris

25
Q

What limb movements can the hamstrings carry out?

A

Knee flexion

Hip extension

Medial rotation

Lateral rotation

26
Q

What is the origin, insertion and innervation of the hamstrings?

A

Origin = Ischial tuberosity

Insertion = tibia and fibula

Innervation = sciatic nerve

27
Q

What muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh?

A
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor Longus
  • Adductor Brevis
  • Adductor Magnus
  • Gracilis
28
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Origin = pubis and ischium

Insertion = Linea aspera

29
Q

Where does the femoral nerve originate?

A

Lumbar plexus (L2-L4)

30
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve originate?

A

Sciatic plexus (L4-S3)

31
Q

Where does the obturator nerve originate?

A

Lumbar plexus (L2-L4)

32
Q

What nerve does the femoral nerve become?

A

Saphenous nerve

33
Q

What does the femoral nerve provide sensory and motor supply to?

A

Sensory supply to skin over the anterior thigh, knee and medial side of leg and foot

Motor supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh

34
Q

What does the obturator nerve provide sensory and motor supply to?

A

Sensory supply to the skin over the medial thigh

Motor supply to medial compartment of thigh (except for pectineus and hamstring part of adductor Magnus)

35
Q

What does the sciatic nerve provide sensory and motor supply to?

A

Sensory supply to the skin over the leg and foot (except medial side)

Motor supply to the posterior compartment of the thigh, leg and foot (plus hamstring part of adductor Magnus)

36
Q

What does the sciatic nerve branch into at the popliteal fossa?

A

Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

37
Q

What are the two branches of the common fibular nerve?

A

Superficial fibular nerve and Deep fibular nerve

38
Q

What makes up the sural nerve and what does it provide sensory supply to?

A

Branches of the tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

Sensory supply to lateral foot

39
Q

What is the route of blood supply to the lower limb?

A

1) External iliac artery
2) Femoral artery
3) Popliteal artery
4) Anterior and Posterior tibial arteries

40
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Superior = Inguinal ligament

Lateral = Sartorius

Medial = Adductor longus

41
Q

What passes through the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral artery, vein and nerve

42
Q

What are the two major superficial veins of the lower limb and what do they drain?

A

Long/Great saphenous vein
Short/Small saphenous vein

Drain the dorsal venous arch of the foot

43
Q

What does the long saphenous vein drain into and where does this occur?

A

Drains into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle

44
Q

What is the longest vein in the body and what does it drain?

A

Long/Great saphenous vein

Drains the medial side of the dorsal venous arch of the foot and the medial side of the limb

45
Q

What does the Short/Small saphenous vein drain, and what does it drain into?

A

Drain the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch of the foot.

Drains into the popliteal vein

46
Q

What do the superficial inguinal nodes drain?

A

Skin and superficial fascia of lower limb

47
Q

Where are the deep inguinal nodes located?

A

Beside the femoral vein

Theme 2 - 204 (6 decks)

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