Morphology

Question 1

Morphology

Answer 1

the study of words and word-like structures (morphemes)

Question 2

Morphemes

Answer 2

the smallest units of language with meaning

Question 3

How many morphemes does ‘cat’ have

Answer 3

3, k-æ-t

Question 4

Free morpheme

Answer 4

they can stand by themselves as separate words (new, tour)

Question 5

Bound morpheme

Answer 5

can’t normally stand on their own, includes all affixes (un-, -ed, -less-, -ness)

Question 6

Lexical morpheme

Answer 6

carries the context of the meaning; most nouns, verbs, and adjectives (girl, break, sad)

Question 7

Functional morpheme

Answer 7

serves to connect lexical morphemes in relationships; mostly conjunctions, prepositions, pronouns, etc (and, the, it)

Question 8

Derivational morpheme

Answer 8

creates new words from existing ones, usually affixes (-ment, -ly)

Question 9

Inflectional morpheme

Answer 9

doesn’t create new words, instead states the grammatical functions of existing words (-ed, -‘s)

Question 10

Types of free morphemes

Answer 10

lexical, functional

Question 11

Types of bound morphemes

Answer 11

Derivational, inflectional

Question 12

8 inflectional morphemes in English

Answer 12

plural, possessive, comparative, superlative, 3rd person singular present tense, past tense, past participle, present participle

Question 13

Bound roots

Answer 13

most bound roots are affixes (derivational or inflectional), but there are a few exceptions that could be considered lexical morphemes (-clude, -sume, -prehend)

Question 14

Synthetic

Answer 14

additional morphemes attach to a word (root word)

Question 15

Synthetic subtypes

Answer 15

Agglutinative, fusional, polysynthetic

Question 16

Analytic

Answer 16

no additional morphemes attach to a word (root word); relationships between words are often conveyed with functional words such as prepositions or with word order

Question 17

Analytic subtypes

Answer 17

isolating

Question 18

Isolating

Answer 18

words are typically composed of single morphemes, no inflectional morphemes are used

Question 19

Agglutinative

Answer 19

words often contain multiple morphemes, but each morpheme denotes only one meaning

Question 20

Fusional

Answer 20

individual inflectional morphemes denote multiple meanings

Question 21

Polysynthetic

Answer 21

words are composed of many morphemes, so many that individual words can be entire sentences

Question 22

-able suffix

Answer 22

derivational suffix that creates an adjective from transitive verbs, but not intransitive verbs or nouns; there are words that directly violate this rule