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GCSE physics paper 1 > Motion And Forces > Flashcards

Motion And Forces Flashcards

1
Q

What is the resultant force?

A

The total force from two or more forces acting upon a single object.

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2
Q

How do you work out the resultant force?

A

If the forces are acting in the same direction add them

It they are acting in opposite directions subtract one from the other

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3
Q

If the resultant forces on an object is zero, what do we say the forces are?

A

Balanced

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4
Q

If there is a non-zero resultant force on an object, what are the forces?

A

Unbalanced

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5
Q

What is mass?

A

The quantity of matter their is in an object, and only changes if the object itself changes

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6
Q

What is weight?

A

Weight is a measure of the pull of gravity on an object and depends on the strength of gravity

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7
Q

How can weight be measured?

A

Using a force meter, which has a scale in newtons

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8
Q

On Earth what is the gravitational field strength?

A

It has a value of about 10 newtons per kilo gram (N/kg). This means that each kilogram is pulled down with a force of 10N. The gravitational field strength is different on other planets and moons

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9
Q

What is the equation for weight?

A

Weight = mass ✖️ gravitational field strength

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10
Q

On Earth a falling object has a force other than weight, what is it?

A

Air resistance

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11
Q

What is the acceleration of an object?

A

A measure of how much it’s velocity changes in a certain time

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12
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

The acceleration in the direction of a resultant force depends in:
The size of the force (for the same mass, the bigger the force the bigger the acceleration)
The mass of an object (force the same force, the more massive the object the smaller the acceleration)

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13
Q

What is the equation for force?

A

Force = mass ✖️ acceleration

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14
Q

Explain inertial mass

A

The more massive an object is, the more force is needed to change its velocity (either to make it start moving or to change the velocity of a moving object)

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15
Q

Define inertial mass

A

We define the inertial mass of an object as the force on it divided by the acceleration that the force produces

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16
Q

What is the size of a force represented by?

A

The size of the arrows

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17
Q

what can Newton’s first law be written as?

A

A moving object will continue to move at the same speed and direction unless an external force acts on it
A stationary object will remain at rest unless an external force acts on it

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18
Q

Explain centripetal force

A

An object moving in a circle has changing velocity, even though it’s speed remains the same. The resultant force that causes the change in direction is called the centripetal force and acts towards the centre of the circle

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19
Q

Newton’s third law is about the forces on two different objects when they interact with each other. What interaction can happen?

A

When objects touch, such as when you sit on a chair

At a distance, such as the gravitational attraction between the earth and the moon

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20
Q

What are action-reaction pairs?

A

A pair of forces acting on two interactive objects. The two forces are always the same size and in opposite directions

21
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

When a situation is not changing because all the things affecting it balances out

22
Q

Action-reaction forces are not the same as balanced forces. In both cases the sizes of the forces are equal and act in opposite directions, but what?

A

Action-reaction forces act on different objects

Balanced forces all act in the same object

23
Q

Explain collisions in action-reaction pairs?

A

The action and reaction forces that occur during the collision are the same size but they do not necessarily have the same effects on the two objects, because the objects have different masses

24
Q

What is momentum?

A

Momentum is a measure of the tendency of an object to keep moving - or of how hard it is to stop it moving. The momentum of an object depends on its mass and velocity. Momentum spends on a vector quantity (velocity) and is also a vector

25
Q

How is momentum calculated?

A

Momentum = mass ✖️ velocity

26
Q

What is conservation of momentum?

A

When moving objects collide the total momentum of both objects is the same before the collision as it is after the collision as long as there are no external forces acting

27
Q

For momentum, if two objects are moving in opposite directions what do we do?

A

We give the momentum of one object a positive sign and the other the negative sign

28
Q

What is thinking distance?

A

The distance travelled by a vehicle which the driver reacts

29
Q

What is breaking distance?

A

The distance travelled by a vehicle while the brakes are working to bring it to a halt

30
Q

What is stopping distance?

A

The distance in which a car stops, which is the sum of the thinking and breaking distances

31
Q

How do you work out stopping distance..

A

Thinking distance + breaking distance

32
Q

What is reaction time?

A

A reaction time is the time between a person detecting a stimulus (such as a flashing light or a sound) and their response (such as pressing a button or applying breakers in a car)

33
Q

How can response times be measured?

A

Using a computer or electric circuits that measure the time between a stimulus and a response

34
Q

What is the typical reaction time to a visual stimulus such as a computer screen changing colour?

A

About 0.25 seconds

35
Q

Why would a reaction time increase?

A 
If the person is:
Tired
ill
Been taking drugs 
Drinking alcohol
Distracted
36
Q

If a vehicle has more mass, more force is needed to decelerate it, so if the same amount of friction is used to stop a vehicle, what will happen?

A

A heavier vehicle will travel further than a lighter one, it has a greater braking distance

37
Q

The force used to accelerate an object transfers energy to it. What does the amount of energy depend on?

A

It depends on the size of the force and how far the object moves while the force is pushing it . The energy transferred by a force acting over a distance is called work done?

38
Q

What is work done?

A

A measure of the energy transferred when a force acts through a distance

39
Q

How do you calculate work done?

A

Work done = force ✖️ distance moved in the direction of the force

40
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The energy stored in a moving object

The amount of kinetic energy depends on the mass of an object and its velocity

41
Q

How do you work out Kinetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy = 1/2 ✖️ mass ✖️ (speed) squared

42
Q

The breaking distance of a car depends on its kinetic energy, and so depends on the square of its velocity. What does this mean?

A

This means that is the velocity doubles, the braking distance is multiplied by 2 squares which is 4

43
Q

When a vehicle stops the kinetic energy is transferred to other energy stores by the breaking force. What can we use this idea to calculate?

A

The braking distance if a vehicle

44
Q

What is slowing down?

A

Deceleration

45
Q

What does the force for any kind of acceleration depend on?

A

The size of the acceleration and the mass of an object

46
Q

What are built into the front (and sometimes the back) of cars?

A

Crumple zones, which is a safety feature, if the car hits something it takes a little time for this crumpling to happen, so the deceleration of the car is less and the force of the car is also less than if it had a more solid front

47
Q

What do airbags increase the time of?

A

Increases the time it takes for a persons head to stop in a collision

48
Q

What does the force in the road depend on?

A

The change in momentum as the car comes a stop

GCSE physics paper 1 (7 decks)

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