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HR business > Motivation > Flashcards

Motivation Flashcards

1
Q

What is motivation ?

A

The factors influencing the way people behave

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2
Q

What are the benefits of a motivated workforce ?

A
  1. Higher labour productivity
  2. Lower labour turnover
  3. Higher retention costs
  4. Lower unit costs
  5. Lower absenteeism
  6. Reduced presentism
  7. Improved customer service
  8. Better workplace relations
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3
Q

What are the six motivational theories ?

A
  1. F.W. Taylor
  2. Mayo
  3. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
  4. Herzberg’s two factor theory
  5. Vroom’s expectancy theory
  6. Porter and Lawler’s expectancy theory
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4
Q

What is F.W Taylor’s scientific management theory ?

A

Employees mainly motivated by money need close supervision. Only carry out small repetitive tasks = efficiency and paid piece rate

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5
Q

What is piece rate ?

A

An amount paid for each task done, which will motivate workers to do as many as possible

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6
Q

What is an advantage of F.W. Taylor’s theory ?

A

Workers are encouraged to increase productivity

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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of F.W. Taylor’s Theory ?

A
  1. Likely to be demotivated by boring jobs
  2. High labour turnover
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8
Q

What is Mayo’s human relationships theory ?

A

Employees are motivated by social needs and encourage managers to take greater interest in workers. Workers seen as members of group not individuals

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9
Q

What are the advantages of Mayo’s theory ?

A
  1. Motivated workforce = better productivity
  2. Staff valued by listening to opinions and encouraging teamwork
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10
Q

What is a disadvantage of Mayo’s theory ?

A
  1. Staff don’t have same objectives as business
  2. Communication between staff and managers not always positive
  3. May have low productivity
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11
Q

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ?

A

Five levels of human needs, only once lower-level needs have been met can increase to higher ones

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12
Q

What are the five levels of human needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ?

A
  1. Physiological needs
  2. Safety and security needs
  3. Love and belongingness needs
  4. Self-esteem needs
  5. Self-actualisation
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13
Q

What are the advantages of Maslow’s theory ?

A
  1. Encourages business to create environment for employees that satisfies different needs
  2. Should motivate staff = higher productivity
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14
Q

What is a disadvantage of Maslow’s theory ?

A

Esteem and self-actualisation needs can never be reached in lower skilled roles

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15
Q

What is Herzberg’s two factor theory ?

A

Two factors : motivating factors that lead to job satisfaction and hence motivation and hygiene factors don’t lead to motivation but dissatisfaction if not present

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16
Q

What are examples of motivating factors ?

A
  1. Personal achievement
  2. Recognition
  3. Interest in the work itself
  4. Responsibility
  5. Growth and advancement
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17
Q

What are examples of hygiene factors ?

A
  1. Company policy and administration
  2. Supervision
  3. Working conditions
  4. Salary
  5. Relationship with fellow workers
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18
Q

What is an advantage of Herzberg’s theory ?

A

Higher motivation and productivity - focus on meaningful tasks

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19
Q

What is a disadvantage of Herzberg’s theory ?

A

Presumed link between job satisfaction and productivity

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20
Q

What is Vroom’s expectancy theory ?

A

Employees’s motivation is outcome of how much they want a reward. Based on view that employees consciously decide how well to perform a job

21
Q

What are the three elements of Vroom’s expectancy ?

A
  1. Valency
  2. Expectancy
  3. Instrumentality
22
Q

What is valency ?

A

The reward and degree of desire for that reward

23
Q

What is expectancy ?

A

The belief in the relationship between cause and effect

24
Q

What is instrumentality ?

A

The belief that the desired outcome is obtainable and will be rewarded

25
Q

What is Porter and Lawler’s expectancy theory ?

A

An expansion of Vroom’s theory by categorising rewards as intrinsic or extrinsic. Also stated motivation is affected by an individual’s ability to perform a task and their perception of it

26
Q

What is intrinsic motivation ?

A

The positive feeling an individual might experience on completing a task well

27
Q

What is extrinsic motivation ?

A

A reward that comes from the outside of an individual

28
Q

What is an advantage of Porter and Lawler’s theory ?

A

based on self-interest of worker, who wants to achieve maximum satisfaction and minimum dissatisfaction in terms or rewards

29
Q

What is a disadvantage of Porter and Lawler’s theory ?

A

Ignores reality that businesses offer rewards that are also linked to individuals position in the business or educational attainment

30
Q

Why are motivational theories important to businesses ?

A
  1. Give managers tools to increase quality, productivity and efficiency
  2. Do not provide guidance as to when, if and in what circumstances they should be used
  3. Success at attempt to use theories will be influenced by factors
31
Q

What are the two methods of motivating employees ?

A

Financial and non-finanical

32
Q

What are financial incentives ?

A

Methods that have a money value and are used to reward the workforce and influence their behaviour at work

33
Q

What are the seven types of financial methods of motivation ?

A
  1. Piece rate
  2. Commission
  3. Bonus
  4. Salary schemes
  5. Profit share
  6. Share ownership
  7. Performance related pay
34
Q

What is piece rate ?

A

Payment is based on number of items produced by an employee

35
Q

What is commission ?

A

Payment is based on number of units sold

36
Q

What is a bonus ?

A

Extra payment made to recognise an employee’s contribution to a business

37
Q

What is a salary scheme ?

A

When employees are paid a set annual sum paid in equal instalments even if working hours vary on a monthly basis

38
Q

What is profit share ?

A

A proportion of employee pay varies with the profits of the company

39
Q

What is share ownership ?

A

Employees are given shares in the business for free or discounted price

40
Q

What is performance related pay ?

A

Employees receive a bonus based on the performance of the employee measured against a pre agreed range of criteria

41
Q

What are non-finanical incentives ?

A

Motivating employees through elements of job design

42
Q

What are eight types of non-financial methods of motivation ?

A
  1. Delegation
  2. Consultation
  3. Empowerment
  4. Teamworking
  5. Flexible working
  6. Job enrichment
  7. Job rotation
  8. Job enlargment
43
Q

What is consultation ?

A

Where employees will be asked for their views on business-related issues

44
Q

What is team working ?

A

Where employees work in small groups with a common aim

45
Q

What is flexible working ?

A

A way of working that suits employee’s needs

46
Q

What is job enrichment ?

A

Where employees are given greater responsibility and recognition by extending their role in the production process

47
Q

What is job rotation ?

A

Where jobs or tasks are changed from time to time to reduce boredom and provide greater labour flexibility

48
Q

What is job enlargement ?

A

Where an employee will be given additional work which is similar to their current job

HR business (11 decks)

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