Motives

Question 1

What is 3 criteria for accuracy

Answer 1

1. Do different pieces of information lead to the same conclusion? = Convergent validity
   ex: do out ideas of the same person converge
2. Do judgements agree with each other?
   Interrater agreement
3. Can they predict behavior?
   Predictive validity = criterion validity
   Do our judgements actually predict what the person will go on to do. ex: GPA

Question 2

a 1st impression can be made in

Answer 2

1/10sec = 100ms

Question 3

How do our judgements change with time

Answer 3

While were consistent, with time we become more confident but not necessarily more accurate

Question 4

What is the positivity bias?

Answer 4

we are more positive in our judgement at 1/10sec, and it decreases at 1/2 a second before levelling off

Question 5

What will we usually agree on in our judgements?

Answer 5

how attractive, likeable and trustworthy they are

Question 6

In females, we are not able to rate one of the five factors as we are with men, which one?

Answer 6

conscientiousness is only rated in men, agreeableness and extraversion for both

Question 7

Why might agreeableness be evolutionarily driven?

Answer 7

lets me be able to hangout with nice people

Question 8

What 4 factors moderate out ability to correctly infer personality traits of strangers?

Answer 8

the judge, the target, the trait, and the information used to make the judgement

Question 9

The judge – How are some better than others?

Answer 9

some people are very motivated to maintain and create interpersonal relationships and will even create the environment for a trait to come out

Question 10

Who is a good target?

Answer 10

someone who is open and consistent. Also someone who is a LSM since they will be more consistent across situations.

Question 11

What is a good trait?

Answer 11

observable traits that are easy to see ex: the traits within extraversion. Traits are not = to behaviour but traits are expressed through behaviour

Question 12

What is good information ?

Answer 12

amount and quality. Amount: is the more info we have the more likely we can accurately judge personality. ex: your friend will be better at judging personality than a stranger but they will be better at predicting the persons future.

Quality: a situation (weak) that allows for expression of a trait. If we put people in a relaxed situation where their trait is free (don’t judge on the 1st date)

Question 13

Describe Funder’s realistic accuracy model of person perception

Answer 13

Need 4 things to accurately judge:
Relevance: to the trait being judged. Ex: extraversion – put people in situations to see extraverted behavior.
Availability: in a manner and place that the judge can see it. I have to be able to see it
Detection: judge notices the information
Utilization: accurately remember and correctly interpret the information

Question 14

What are 3 categories of clues that Gosling suggested that the spaces people live in may provide clues to P?

Answer 14

identity claims. feeling regulators and behavioural residue

Question 15

identity claims intend to make

Answer 15

deliberate statements symbolically about who we are

Question 16

What are the two types of identity claims?

Answer 16

Others directed: Signals to others how we want them to see us. The meaning of the object has to be shared, ex: loyalty to the school. Gosling argues tattoos are other directed.
Self-directed: Meant for the person. Helps to reinforce your own attributes and intentio

Question 17

What is the difference between viscerogenic needs and psychogenic needs?

Answer 17

Viscerogenic needs (basic needs – air, shelter, food, water) vs. psychogenic needs (socialization, psychological rather than physiological)

Question 18

Needs and motives can arise also from…External events:

Answer 18

alpha press – the way the environment exists in reality & beta press - the way in which the person views or interprets their environment

b. Ex: Hunger motive, you have food and have satisfied. What happens when you see cheesecake when you’re full? You eat it anyway. The external event being the cheese cake
i. Alpha = cheesecake, beta = not liking the cheesecake

Question 19

Murrays says needs to what to our perception of the world?

Answer 19

organize out perceptions

Question 20

What is so satisfying about meeting out needs?

Answer 20

the reduction in tension. ex: is it really the fear of rollercoasters or the reduction in tension

Question 21

1. What is the Thematic Apperception test?

Answer 21

a projective tests that shows ambiguous pictures and have people tell a story. Expect it to be a projection of competing thoughts and what matters to them. Where do the stories come from? the experiences, feelings & thoughts