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PACES > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Hand signs on examination of OA

A

Heberden and bouchards node
Squaring of thumb

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2
Q

Garden NOF criteria

A

Garden 1= incomplete fracture, non-displaced
Garden 2= complete fracture, non-displaced
Garden 3= complete fracture, partially displaced
Garden 4= complete fracture, fully displaced

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3
Q

Principles for managing fracture

A

ATLS
Reduce
Hold
Rehabilitate

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4
Q

How describe a fracture

A

Start with type of x ray and clinical details etc
Location- which bone and which part of bone?
Pieces- simple or multifragmentary?
Pattern?- open, transverse etc?
Displaced or not?
Translation or angulation of bone
Plane of fracture
Talk about complications- dislocation of joint, compound fracture etc

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5
Q

What defines a displaced fracture

A

1cm
2-4mm if at a joint surface
Describe as either minimal or complete

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6
Q

What is translation vs angulation

A

Translation= displacement of distal bone ( anterior or laterally translated etc)
Angulation= new axis of distal bone (valgus/varus angulation)

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7
Q

Types of fracture

A

Transverse
Comminuted= more than 2 parts to fracture
Oblique= diagonal fracture
Spiral= looks like corkscrew

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8
Q

How can distal part be angulated

A

Anterior or posterior tilt

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9
Q

Types of “hold” fracture management

A

Plaster/cast
Fixation with metal

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10
Q

How classify fixation

A

Open or internal

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11
Q

How is external fixation classified

A

Monoplanar
Multiplanar

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12
Q

How is internal fixation classified

A

Intramedullary
Extramedullary

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13
Q

Advantage of external fixator

A

Can replace nails to reduce infection risk

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14
Q

Classifying complications of surgery

A

Local or general
Immediate (within 24 hours)
Early (within 30 days)
Late (after 30 days)

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15
Q

Fracture complications

A

Fat embolus
Infection of site
Prolonged immobility- bed sores, UTI, PE
Local= neurovascular injury, muscle/tendon injury, nonunion or malunion

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16
Q

What feeling for in MSK exam

A

Warmth
Tenderness
Muscle bulk

17
Q

How differentiate between hemiarthroplasty and THR

A

Hemi- half circle on x ray
Total- circular object in joint

18
Q

Middle aged shoulder injuries

A

Impigment
Dislocation
ACJ OA
Rotator cuff injuries
Fractures

19
Q

Elderly shoulder injuries

A

Glenohumeral OA
Cuff tears
Impigmenet
Fracture

20
Q

What look for examination of the back

A

Lipoma or hair growth can indicate spina bifida
Pigmentation or cafe au lait spots may indicate NF
Scoliosis

21
Q

If see scoliosis, what ask patient to do

A

Bend forward and assess if ribs higher on side than other

22
Q

Classifying arthritis

A

Inflammatory- RA, seronegative spondyloarthropathies
Infectious- septic arthritis
Neoplastic
Depositional- gout, amyloidosis, haemochromatosis
Degenerative- primary osteoarthritis or secondary to charcot arthropathy or post traumatic or congeintal defect

23
Q

Inflammatory vs degenerative arthritis

A

Inflam
- pain with rest, relieved by moving
- stiffness in am
- extra articular features
- B symptoms
- polyarticular
Degenerative
- relieved by rest
- locking of joint
- bony enlargement, malalignment
- monoarticular

24
Q

Signs of synovitis on imaging

A

Synovial thickening
Joint effusions
Bone erosions
Narrowing of joint
On doppler USS will see increased vascularity

25
Q

Complications of RA

A

Interstitial lung disease
Pericarditis
ACD
Felty syndrome

26
Q

Hand signs of RA

A

Ulnar deviation
Boutonniere
Swan neck
RA nodules
Hitch hiker thumb

27
Q

X ray features of RA

A

Joint space narrowing
Periarticular osteopenia
Erosion of joints
Loss of radioulnar joint space
Carpal and radiocarpal joint space narrowing

28
Q

First joint involved in ank spond and what see on x ray

A

Sacroiliac
Synovial thickening
Loss of joint space
Subchondral erosions
Sclerosis
Oedema

PACES (11 decks)

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