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Clin Med 3- Exam 2 COPY > MSK Review > Flashcards

MSK Review Flashcards

1
Q

What do you do for sprains/strains?

A

Immobilize, RICE, early ROM

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2
Q

What do you do for tendon rupture?

A

Splint, refer for surgical repair

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3
Q

What do you do for dislocations/subluxations?

A

Alleviate pain, put back in place, splint/sling, and refer to ortho

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4
Q

What do you do for arthritis?

A

Tylenol 1st line, PT, refer to ortho

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5
Q

What do you do for overuse injuries?

A

Activity modification, NSAIDs, PT, refer to ortho

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6
Q

What is the golden rule of immobilization?

A

Immobilize the joint above and the joint below the injury

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7
Q

Which direction do you apply a splint and why?

A

Distal→ proximal; to prevent trapping of blood distal to the injury

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8
Q

What 3 things do you evaluate both before and after splinting?

A

Distal circulation, motor function, and sensation

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9
Q

What view do you order in a pt with ankle pain?

A

3-view ankle series

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10
Q

What 3 things do you do when a pt is symptomatic and you are highly clinically suspicious, but there is a negative x-ray?

A

(1) tx as a fx and splint (2) have pt follow up with ortho in 7-10 days (3) repeat x-ray→ may show cortical changes

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11
Q

What are the ABCs of reading an x-ray?

A 
Adequacy (adequate views and image quality?) 
Alignment (long axes of bones) 
Bones (lucent lines? Deformities?)
Cartilage (joint space? defects?)
Soft tissue (swelling? effusion?)
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12
Q

What population has the highest incidence of shoulder fxs?

A

73-78 y.o.

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13
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the chest?

A

PA, lateral (w/full inspiration)

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14
Q

What x-ray do you order for the AC joint?

A

AP with and w/o weights

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15
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the clavicle?

A

AP, axial

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16
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the humerus?

A

AP, lateral

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17
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the ribs?

A

AP, obliques (bilat)

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18
Q

What part of the breathing cycle should they be on for upper ribs? Lower ribs?

A

Upper: inspiration Lower: expiration

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19
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the SC joint?

A

AP, obliques (bilat)

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20
Q

What 3 x-ray views do you order for the shoulder?

A

AP, Grashey, Y-scapular view

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21
Q

What 3 x-ray views do you order for the elbow?

A

AP, external oblique, lateral

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22
Q

What 3 x-ray views do you order for the fingers?

A

AP, oblique of hand, lateral of affected finger

23
Q

What 3 x-ray views do you order for the hand, thumb, and wrist?

A

AP, oblique, lateral

24
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the hip?

A

AP pelvis, frog lateral

25
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the femur?

A

AP, lateral

26
Q

What 4 x-ray views do you order for the knee in pts <40 y.o.?

A

AP, lateral, tunnel, sunrise

27
Q

What 4 x-ray views do you order for the knee in pts >40 y.o.?

A

Bilat PA weight bearing (30 deg PA flexed view), bilat tunnel, bilat sunrise, lateral of affected knee

28
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the tib-fib?

A

AP, lateral

29
Q

What 3 x-ray views do you order for the ankle?

A

AP, mortise, lateral

30
Q

What 3 x-ray views do you order for the foot?

A

AP, oblique, lateral

31
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the heel?

A

Axial, lateral calcaneus

32
Q

What 3 x-ray views do you order for the C-spine?

A

AP, lateral, swimmer’s view

33
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the T-spine?

A

AP, lateral

34
Q

What 4 x-ray views do you order for the L-spine?

A

AP, obliques, lateral, spot view

35
Q

What 3 x-ray views do you order for the sacrum/coccyx?

A

AP, axials, lateral

36
Q

What 2 x-ray views do you order for the scoli survey?

A

PA, lateral

37
Q

Nerve roots L1,2 are affiliated with what muscle and action?

A

Iliopsoas → hip flexion

38
Q

Nerve roots L3,4 are affiliated with what muscles and actions?

A

Quadriceps, adductors → knee extension, hip adduction

39
Q

Nerve roots L4,5 are affiliated with what muscle and action?

A

Tibialis anterior → ankle dorsiflexion

40
Q

Nerve root L5 is affiliated with what muscle and action?

A

Extensor hallucis longus → great toe extension

41
Q

Nerve roots L5,S1 are affiliated with what muscle and action?

A

Peroneus longus/brevis → ankle eversion

42
Q

Nerve root S1 is affiliated with what muscle and action?

A

Gastrocsoleus → ankle plantarflexion

43
Q

What is a maisonneuve fx?

A

Combo of spiral fx of the proximal fibula + ankle injury of one or more type: (1) widening of the ankle joint d/t distal tibiofibular syndesmosis (2) deltoid ligament disruption (3) fx of the medial malleolus

44
Q

T/F: you need to fix a proximal fibula fx.

A

False: don’t need to fix b/c tibia takes the majority of the weight

45
Q

What is a segond fx?

A

Avulsion fx involving lateral aspect of the tibial plateau

46
Q

What are most segond fxs associated with?

A

Disruption of the ACL

47
Q

What commonly causes segond fxs?

A

Internal rotation and varus stress

48
Q

What are 3 findings on clinical presentation of segond fxs?

A

(1) knee pain/swelling after trauma
(2) hold knee in ~20 deg flexed position for comfort
(3) NWB

49
Q

What will you find on a standard trauma knee series of a segond fx?

A

May show fracture that is of curvilinear or elliptic bone fragment projected parallel to the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau

50
Q

What is an MRI essential for identifying?

A

Internal derangement

51
Q

What does an ankle stirrup splint prevent?

A

Inversion or eversion of the ankle (gives them stability both medially and laterally)

52
Q

What position is the ankle in in an ankle stirrup splint?

A

90 degrees

53
Q

What is an air cast for?

A

Mild ankle sprains

Clin Med 3- Exam 2 COPY (15 decks)

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