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Physio 1 > Muscle Part 1 > Flashcards

Muscle Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

7 functions of muscle:

A

Locomotion, respiration, digestion, parturition, blood/lymph circulation, swallowing, generation of body heat

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2
Q

4 properties of muscle

A

Contractility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity

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3
Q

Which type of muscle makes up most of the body

A

Skeletal

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4
Q

Properties of smooth muscle

A

No striations, centrally located nucleus, contracts slowly, found in viscera and blood vessels, involuntary

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5
Q

Properties of skeletal muscle

A

Striated, peripherally located nuclei, contracts rapidly, found in trunk, extremities, head & neck, voluntary

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6
Q

Properties of cardiac muscle

A

Striated, central located nuclei, contracts rapidly, found in heart, involuntary

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7
Q

More properties of skeletal muscle

A

Attached to bones (usually by tendons), moves and supports skeleton
Is stimulated by motor nerves under voluntary control
Body movement is the result of contraction of skeletal muscle across a moveable joint

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8
Q

Most joints have one or more muscles on both sides either to _____ or _____ its angle

A

Increase, decrease

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9
Q

_____ is the sheath of connective tissue surrounding the muscle

A

Epimysium

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10
Q

_____ is a small bundle or cluster of muscle fibers

A

Fascicle

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11
Q

Levels of connective tissue wrapping skeletal muscle

A

Epimysium wraps whole muscle
Perimysium wraps fascicles in muscle
Endomysium wraps muscle fibers (and attached to sarcolema!)

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12
Q

Muscle organization levels

A

Muscle
Fascicle (make up muscle by multiples)
Muscle fibers (make up fascicle by multiples)
Myofibrils (make up muscle fibers by multiples)
Sarcomers/myofilaments

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13
Q

Sarcolema

A

Thin cell membrane enclosing skeletal muscle fiber (endomysium is attached to this)
At each end of muscle fibers, the sarcolema fuses with tendon fibers to form muscle tendons

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14
Q

______ connect muscles to bones

A

Tendons

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15
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers

A

Have elongated shape

Pull is transmitted by endomysium to perimysium to epimysium to tendon or aponeurosis that is attached to bone

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16
Q

What is the contractile unit of skeletal muscle?

A

Muscle fibers!

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17
Q

Characteristics of fast twitch fibers

A

White, larger diameter, pale color (due to not much myoglobin), easily fatigued

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18
Q

What is the basic contractile unit of striated muscle fibers?

A

Sarcomeres!

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19
Q

Each muscle fiber contains several hundred or thousand myofibrils composed by repeating _______

A

Sarcomeres

20
Q

Sarcomeres on myofibrils are plentiful, and found where?

A

Between Z-lines (aka Z-discs)

21
Q

What myoFILAMENTS make up sarcomeres?

A

Actin and Myosin

22
Q

Arrangement of what in striated muscle create the striation appearance?

A

Actin & Myosin (contained in sarcomeres)

23
Q

What is actually responsible for skeletal muscle contraction?

A

Myofilaments (which are made of actin and Myosin)

24
Q

_____ is the thin filament and _____ is the thick filament

A

Actin, Myosin

25
Q

What creates light and dark bands of skeletal muscle?

A

The bands in actin and myosin filaments
I-Band (light band!) - Isotropic to polarized light aka identical in all directions
A-Band (dark band) - Anisotropic to polarized light aka directionally dependent

26
Q

More on I-Band

A

Extends through a Z-disc

Made of THIN (actin) filaments

27
Q

Ends of actin filaments are attached to what

A

Z-disc or Z-line

28
Q

What forms the periphery of the sarcomere?

A

Z-discs!!!! (Z-lines)

29
Q

What transversely bisects the I-Band?

A

Z-discs or Z-lines!

30
Q

H-zone is where and made of what?

A

In center between z-discs
M-line is found in here
MADE OF THICK (myosin) FILAMENTS ONLY

31
Q

Is H-zone light or dark?

A

It’s actually light even though its made of thick filaments because there is no overlapping actin/myosin here

32
Q

What forms middle of the sarcomere?

A

M-line

33
Q

What is the M-line made of and where is it found?

A

Made of thick filaments (myosin) linked by accessory proteins
Found inside H-zone

34
Q

Each sarcomere extends from one _______ to the next

A

Z-disc

35
Q

What makes up Z-disc?

A

Although this is where actin comes together AND where sarcomeres extend to, its made of actin (thin filaments) AND Titin (elastic filaments)

36
Q

The organelles of skeletal muscle fibers are ____ and ____

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria

37
Q

The _______ _______ regulates Ca2+ storage

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

38
Q

_________ acts as a second messenger in muscle fibers

A

Calcium

39
Q

Muscle fibers related to fast contraction have _________ sarcoplasmic reticulums than slow contraction fibers.

A

Larger

40
Q

4 characteristics of SR

A

Specialized ER
Very important for muscle contraction
Regulates Ca2+ storage, release, uptake
Bigger in fast contracting fibers (white)

41
Q

Mitochondria of skeletal muscle fibers (cells)

A

Present in large numbers
Parallel to myofibrils
Supply contracting myofibrils with large amounts of energy thru ATP
Slow twitch fibers (red) have MORE mitochondria

42
Q

Why are T-tubules important in skeletal muscle?

A

To allow depolarization of action potential to allow it to carry through fiber

43
Q

T-tubules are arranged _________ to the myofibrils

A

Transverse (perpendicular)

44
Q

T-tubules appear as ________ ___________ of the sarcolemma and surround each ________

A

Periodic invaginations, myofibril

45
Q

T-tubules allow what?

A

The plasma membrane of the muscle fiber (cell) to carry the depolarization of the action potential to the interior of the fiber

Physio 1 (2 decks)

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