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Muscle Physiology > Muscle Physio > Flashcards

Muscle Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Steps in muscle contraction

A

1 ACh released, binding to receptors

2 Action potential reaches t tubule

3 SR releases Ca2+

4 active site exposure, cross-bridge formation

5 contraction begins

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2
Q

Steps in muscle relaxation

A

6 Ach broken down by AChE

7 SR recaptures Ca2+

8 active sites covered, no cross bridge interaction

9 contraction ends

10 relaxation occurs, passive return to resting length

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3
Q

Normal resting sarcomere length

A

75-130% of optimal length

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4
Q

It Contain slow fibers

A

Slow motor units

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5
Q

It Contains fast fibers

A

Fast motor units

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6
Q

Are fast and adapted for producing sustained power

A

Type 2A fibers

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7
Q

Are faster, but non oxidative and fatigue rapidly

A

Type 2X fibers

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8
Q

Increase muscle use

A

Endurance training
Strength training

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9
Q

Decrease muscle use

A

Prolonged bed rest
limb casting
Denervation
Space flight

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10
Q

Muscle contraction types

A

Isotonic contraction
Isometric contraction

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11
Q

Excitation contraction coupling involves

A

Sarcolemma
T tubules
Terminal cisternae
SR
Ca2+
Troponin

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12
Q

Muscle twitch phases

A

Lag or latent
Contraction
Relaxation

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13
Q

Muscle fibers partially relax between contraction

A

Incomplete tetanus

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14
Q

Occurs in muscle rested for prolonged period

A

Treppe

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15
Q

Molecule capable of storing ATP energy

A

Creatine

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16
Q

95% of cell demand
Krebs cycle
1 pyruvic acid molecule > 17 ATP

A

Aerobic metabolism

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17
Q

-Glycolysis > 2 pyruvic acids > 2ATP
-Provides substrate for aerobic metabolism
-as pyruvic acid builds converted to lactic acid

A

Anaerobic metabolism

18
Q

When muscles can no longer perform a required activity, they are fatigue

A

Muscle fatigue

19
Q

Results of muscle fatigue

A

Depletion of metabolic reserves
Damage to sarcolemma and SR
Low pH
Muscle exhaustion and pain

20
Q

Types of fatigue

A

Psychological
Muscular
Synaptic

21
Q

Depends on the emotional state of individual

A

Psychological

22
Q

Results from ATP depletion

A

Muscular

23
Q

Occurs in neuromuscular junction due to lack of ACh

A

Synaptic

24
Q

Contract more slowly, smaller in diameter, better blood supply, more mitochondria, more fatigue resistant than fast twitch

A

Slow twitch or high oxidative

25
Q

Respond rapidly to nervous stimulation, contain myosin to break down ATP more rapidly, less blood supply, fewer and Smaller Mitochondria than slow twitch

A

Fast twitch or low oxidative

26
Q

Effects of exercise

A

Hypertrophy
Atrophy

27
Q

Muscle growth from heavy training

A

Muscle hypertrophy

28
Q

Lack of muscle activity; reduces muscle size, tone, and power

A

Muscle atrophy

29
Q

Stimulate muscle growth and hypertrophy

A

Growth hormone
Testosterone
Thyroid hormones
Epinephrine

30
Q

Tightness of a muscle
Some fibers always contracted

A

Muscle tonus

31
Q

Sustained contraction of a muscle
Result of a rapid succession of nerve impulses

A

Tetany

32
Q

Brief period of time which muscle cells will not respond to a stimuli

A

Refractory period

33
Q

Other factors that result in smooth muscle contraction

A

Stretching
Hormones
Change in pH
Changes in free O2 and CO2 levels
Ion concentration

34
Q

When smooth muscle fibers stretch, they initially contract and develop increased tension, after about one minute the tension decreases

A

Stress relaxation response

35
Q

In what organs SRR is very important

A

Bladder and stomach

36
Q

Has greatest capacity to regenerate among all muscle types

A

Smooth muscle

37
Q

Growth due to the increase of number of cells

A

Hyperplasia

38
Q

Type of muscles seem to only undergo hypertrophy

A

Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscles

39
Q

Are stem cells that facilitate hyperplasia in capillaries and small veins

A

Pericytes

40
Q

Holds fiber together in cardiac muscle

A

Desmosomes

Muscle Physiology (1 decks)

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