Muscles of the Trunk and Lower Limb

Question 1

muscle that elevates the scapula

Answer 1

levator scapulae

Question 2

muscles that retracts the scapula

Answer 2

rhomboid minor and major

Question 3

extends the neck and also acts to retract, elevate, and depress the scapula

Answer 3

trapezius

Question 4

extends and adducts the glenohumeral joint

Answer 4

latissimus dorsi

Question 5

elevates the upper ribs during inspiration

Answer 5

serratus posterior superior

Question 6

depresses the lower ribs, aiding in expiration

Answer 6

serratus posterior inferior

Question 7

pair of muscles that extend the neck

Answer 7

splenius muscles (captitus and cervicis)

Question 8

part of the erector spinae group of muscles (true back muscles); set of 3 muscles runs from lumbar/sacral levels to the neck and is important to extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column

Answer 8

iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

Question 9

muscle functions to control the position of the hyoid bone; they are found anterior to the larnyx and trachea

Answer 9

infrahyoid muscles

Question 10

in a prevertebral position; flex the head and neck

Answer 10

longus muscles

Question 11

lateral to the vertebra, laterally flex the neck

Answer 11

scalene muscles

Question 12

the primary muscle for relaxed breathing

Answer 12

diaphragm

Question 13

elevates the ribs, increase the volume of the thoracic cavity for inspiration

Answer 13

external intercostal muscles

Question 14

muscles that compress the abdomen and rotates the spine

Answer 14

external oblique

Question 15

a flexor of the thoracic and lumbar vertebral column; the tendinous intersections separating muscle bellies are responsible for the appearance of the six pack

Answer 15

rectus abdominis

Question 16

lateral flexor of the lumbar spina

Answer 16

quadratus lumborum

Question 17

functions as a hip flexor and in flexion of the lumbar spine

Answer 17

psoas major

Question 18

these muscles fill a plane between the interior rami of the pubic bones; they are important in urinary and sexual function as well as supporting the floor of the pelvis

Answer 18

urogenital triangle

Question 19

responsible for the voluntary control of defecation

Answer 19

external anal sphincter

Question 20

primary extensor of the hip

Answer 20

gluteus maximus

Question 21

powerful hip flexor; formed by the iliacus and psoas major as they pass under the inguinal ligament

Answer 21

iliopsoas

Question 22

tendon that stretches from the ilium to the tibia, and its shared by the tensor fascia lata and the gluteus maximus

Answer 22

iliotibial tract

Question 23

five small muscles that provide rotation to the hip joint; inferior to the gluteus minimus

Answer 23

deep hip rotators

Question 24

gluteal muscle beneath the gluteus maximus

Answer 24

gluteus medius

Question 25

smallest gluteal muscle under the gluteus medius

Answer 25

gluteus minimus

Question 26

muscle embedded within the iliotibial band; flexes the hip and helps with internal rotation

Answer 26

tensor fascia lata

Question 27

Muscles on the anterior surface of the knee that are responsible for extension of the knee

Answer 27

vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris

Question 28

flexes knee and externally rotates the hip

Answer 28

sartorius

Question 29

posterior thigh muscles that flex the knee

Answer 29

biceps femoris (long and short head), semimembranosus, and semitendinosus

Question 30

medial thigh muscles that adduct the hip

Answer 30

pectineus, gracilis, adductor brevis and longus, adductor magnus

Question 31

extends the digits 2-5 in the foot

Answer 31

extensor digitorum longus

Question 32

extends digit 1 in the foot

Answer 32

extensor hallucis longus

Question 33

inverts and dorsiflexes the foot

Answer 33

tibialis anterior

Question 34

muscles that plantarflex the ankle

Answer 34

gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris

Question 35

formed by the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles

Answer 35

calcaneal tendon

Question 36

provides rotation to the knee to unlock it when standing with knees fully extended

Answer 36

popliteus

Question 37

flexes digits 2-5 of the foot

Answer 37

flexor digitorum longus

Question 38

inverts and plantarflexes the ankle

Answer 38

tibialis posterior

Question 39

flexes digit 1 of the foot

Answer 39

flexor hallucis longus