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A&P I > Muscles (Origins, Insertions, & Actions) > Flashcards

Muscles (Origins, Insertions, & Actions) Flashcards

1
Q

Orbicularis oculi muscle

A

Origin: orbit
Insertion: skin of eyelid
Action: Closes eyes, squints eyes

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2
Q

Orbicularis oris muscle

A

Origin: Maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Muscle and skin of lips
Action: Closes lips, purses lips

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3
Q

Temporalis muscle

A

Origin: Temporal fossa
Insertion: Mandible (coronoid process)
Action: Closes jaw, elevates and retracts mandible

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4
Q

Zygomaticus muscles (major and minor)

A

Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Corners of mouth
Action: raises corners of mouth (smiling muscle)

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5
Q

Epicranius muscle (aka occipitofrontalis)

A

Has two bellies (frontal and occipital)
Frontal belly origin: epicranial aponeurosis
Frontal belly insertion: skin of brow line
Frontal belly action: raises eyebrows
Occipital belly origin: occipital and temporal bones
Occipital belly insertion: epicranial aponeurosis
Occipital belly action: fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

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6
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

A 
Major and minor
Origins: sternum and clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
Action of both: flexes neck
Action of one: rotates head
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7
Q

Digastric muscle (THE digastric muscle)

A

Digastric means has two bellies
Origin: mandible and mastoid process (deep to the mandible, not superficial)
Insertion: hyoid
Action: elevates hyoid, depresses mandible (chewing)

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8
Q

Masseter muscle

A

Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: mandible
Action: elevates mandible - main mover of jaw closure

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9
Q

Splenius muscle

A

Origin: cervical and thoracic spine
Insertion: occipital bone
Action: extends head and neck
*Deep to the trapezius muscle

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10
Q

Erector spinae muscle

has multiple parts, but we don’t need to get more specific than that

A

Origin: pelvis and interior spine
Insertion: superior spine and ribs
Action: extends spine

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11
Q

External intercostal muscles

A

Origins: superior ribs
Insertions: inferior ribs
Action: elevate ribs (inhale)

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12
Q

Internal intercostal muscles

A

Origins: inferior ribs
Insertions: superior ribs
Actions: depress ribs (exhale)

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13
Q

Rectus abdominis muscle

A

Origin: anterior pubis
Insertions: xiphoid process and ribs
Action: flexes spine

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14
Q

External oblique muscle

A

Origin: anterior ribs
Insertion: linea alba and pelvis
Action: flexes and rotates spine

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15
Q

Internal oblique muscle

A

Origin: lumbar fascia and pelvis
Insertion: linea alba and ribs
Action: flexes and rotates spine (same as external oblique)

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16
Q

Transversus abdominis muscle

A

Origins: ribs, lumbar fascia, and pelvis
Insertion: linea alba
Action: compresses abdomen

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17
Q

Diaphragm muscle

A

Origin: inferior border of ribs and sternum
Insertion: central tendon
Action: inspiration

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18
Q

Trapezius muscle

A

Origins: occipital bone, and cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertions: clavicle and scapula
Actions: extends head, moves scapula

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19
Q

Levator scapulae muscle

A

Origin: cervical vertebrae
Insertion: scapula
Action: elevates scapula
*Deep to trapezius

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20
Q

Rhomboid major and minor muscles

A

Origins: cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: scapula
Action: adduct (retract) scapula
*Deep to trapezius
*Both major and minor are inferior to Levator Scapulae
*Minor (thin) is superior to major (thick)

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21
Q

Serratus anterior muscle

A

Origin: lateral ribs
Insertion: scapula
Action: anchors scapula to ribs (protracts)
*Wraps around the sides of the body to anchor the ribs to the scapula

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22
Q

Pectoralis minor muscle

A

Origin: anterior ribs
Insertion: scapula
Action: depresses scapula
*Deep to pectoralis major

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23
Q

Pectoralis major muscle

A

Origins: sternum, ribs, and clavicle
Insertion: humerus
Action: flexes and adducts shoulder

24
Q

Latissimus dorsi muscle

A

Origin: thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, and pelvis
Insertion: Humerus
Action: extends and adducts shoulder

25
Q

Teres major muscle

A

Origin: inferior scapula
Insertion: humerus
Action: extends and adducts shoulder

26
Q

Teres minor muscle

A

Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: humerus
Action: laterally rotates shoulder

27
Q

Subscapularis muscle

A

Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: humerus
Action: medially rotates the shoulder

28
Q

Supraspinatus muscle

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa
Insertion: humerus
Action: abducts shoulder

29
Q

Infraspinatus muscle

A

Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: humerus
Action: laterally rotates shoulder

30
Q

Deltoid muscle

A

Origin: clavicle and scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus (DELTOID)
Action: abducts, flexes, and extends shoulder

31
Q

Biceps brachii muscle

A

Origin: scapula
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Action: flexion of forearm, supination

32
Q

Brachialis muscle

A

Origin: anterior humerus
Insertion: coronoid process of ulna
Action: flexes elbow

33
Q

Triceps brachii muscle

A

Origins: posterior humerus and scapula
Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
Action: extends elbow

34
Q

Flexor compartment muscles

A

Origin: Anterior antebrachium
Insertions: carpals and phalanges
Action: flex wrist and fingers

35
Q

Extensor compartment muscles

A

Origin: posterior antebrachium
Insertions: carpals and phalanges
Action: extend wrist and fingers

36
Q

Gluteus maximus muscle

A

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur
Action: extends hip

37
Q

Gluteus medius muscle

A

Origin: lateral ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: abducts hip

38
Q

Tensor fasciae lata muscle

A

Origin: anterior ilium
Insertion: fascia latte (aka iliotibial tract)
Action: flexes and abducts hip, tenses fascia lata so that the knee and trunk are steady on the thigh

39
Q

Sartorius muscle

A

Origin: anterior ilium
Insertion medial tibia
Action: flexes hip and knee

40
Q

Adductors: Magnus, longus, and brevis

A

Origin: pubis
Insertion: medial femur
Action: adduct hip

41
Q

Gracilis muscle

A

Origin: pubis
Insertion: medial tibia
Action: adducts hip, flexes knee (esp. during walking)

42
Q

Rectus femoris muscle (quad)

A

One of the quadriceps muscles
Origin: anterior ilium
Insertion: patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: extends knee, flexes thigh at hip
*Superficial one of the 4 quadriceps

43
Q

Vastus lateralis muscle (quad)

A

Origin: lateral femur
Insertion: patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: extends knee

44
Q

Vastus medialis muscle (quad)

A

Origin: medial femur
Insertion: patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: extends knee

45
Q

Vastus intermedius muscle (quad)

A

Origin: anterior femur
Insertion: patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: extends knee

46
Q

Biceps femoris muscle (hamstring)

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity and femur
Insertions: fibula and lateral tibia
Actions: flexes knee, extends hip

47
Q

Semitendinosus muscle (hamstring)

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial tibia
Action: flexes knee, extends hip

48
Q

Semimembranosus muscle (hamstring)

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial tibia
Action: flexes knee and extends hip

49
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle

A

Origin: posterior femoral condyles
Insertion: calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
Action: plantar flexion, helps flex knee
*Superficial to soleus muscle

50
Q

Soleus muscle

A

Origin: posterior fibula and tibia
Insertion: calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
Action: plantar flexion
*Deep to gastrocnemius muscle

51
Q

Fibularis muscles (2)

A

Origin: fibula
Insertion: lateral tarsals and metatarsals
Actions: plantar flexion and eversion

52
Q

Tibialis posterior muscles

A

Origin: posterior tibia
Insertion: medial tarsals
Action: plantar flexion and inversion
*Deep to soleus muscle

53
Q

Flexor digitorum longus muscle

A

Origin: posterior tibia
Insertions: phalanges
Action: flexes toes

54
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Origin: anterior tibia
Insertion: tarsus and metatarsus
Action: dorsiflexion

55
Q

Extensor digitorum longus muscle

A

Origin: anterior tibia and fibula
Insertions: phalanges
Action: extends toes

A&P I (11 decks)

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