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Anatomy > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A
  1. Smooth
  2. Cardiac
  3. Skeletal
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2
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A 
~Involuntary 
~Tapered at both ends 
~One nucleus 
~In organs and blood vessels 
~Triggered by hormones or nerve impulses
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3
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A 
~Involuntary
~Branched, striated 
~1-2 nuclei 
~In the heart only 
~Triggered by hormones and nervous stimuli
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4
Q

In the cardiac muscle what allows the electric impulse to travel rapidly through the muscle?

A

Intercalated disks

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5
Q

Describe skeletal muscle

A

~Voluntary
~Striated
~Multiple nuclei

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6
Q

Which one of the muscles is voluntary?

A

Skeletal

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7
Q

T or F: All skeletal muscles are attached to bone?

A

F, facial muscles are attached to skin

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8
Q

What are the 3 functions of the muscular system?

A
  1. Movement
  2. Posture
  3. Generates heat
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9
Q

Our body is always in a state of partial contraction. This state of partial contraction is called:

A

Muscle tone

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10
Q

What is the outermost layer of the muscle?

A

Epimysium

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11
Q

A bundle of fibers is called a ____________ and they are surrounded by a connective tissue called the ___________.

A

Fascicle; perimysium

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12
Q

The individual muscle fibers are surrounded by the:

A

Endomysium

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13
Q

What is found in the muscle fiber?

A

Myofibril

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14
Q

What is found in the myofibril?

A

Sarcomere

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15
Q

The ________ is the contractile unit of the muscle and is made up of 2 proteins, _______ and _______.

A

Sarcomere; actin and myosin

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16
Q

The protein that is found in the sarcomere, and is thinner and lighter is:

A

Actin

17
Q

The protein that is found in the sarcomere, and is thicker and darker is:

A

Myosin

18
Q

What is found in the A-band

A

Both actin and myosin

19
Q

The I-band is made up of only:

A

Actin

20
Q

The H-zone is made up of only:

A

Myosin

21
Q

What happens to the sarcomere when the muscles contract?

A

It shortens

22
Q

Be able to label the whole muscle broken down to the microfibril level.

A 
Tendon
Bone 
Muscle fibers 
Muscle fiber 
Myofibril 
Nuclei 
Fascicles
Perimysium 
Endomysium
Epimysium 
Muscle
23
Q

Hitting the wall is when the _______ stores are depleted from the muscles and the liver. This results in abrupt _______.

A

Glycogen; fatigue

24
Q

Slow twitch muscles are also known as:

A

Type IA

25
Q

Fast twitch muscles are also known as:

A

Type IIB

26
Q

List 5 characteristics of a slow twitch muscle

A 
A. Use oxygen (aerobic)
B. Take longer to contract 
C. Can work longer before tiring 
D. Found in endurance sports 
E. Red in color
27
Q

List 5 characteristics of a fast twitch muscle

A 
A. Anaerobic (w/out oxygen)
B. Contract extremely quick
C. Tire faster 
D. Found in sprinters and power walkers 
E. White in color
28
Q

What happens to the muscle during a concentric contraction? Give an example of a concentric exercise

A

Muscle shortens

Ex: biceps curl on the up phase of the exercise

29
Q

What happens to the muscle during an eccentric contraction? Give an example of an eccentric exercise

A

Muscle lengthens

Ex: bicep curl in the down phase of the exercise

30
Q

What happens to the muscle during an isometric contraction? Give an example of an isometric exercise

A

No movement, but work

Ex: wall sits, plank

31
Q

What is it called when the muscle gets smaller?

A

Atrophy

32
Q

What is it called when the muscle gets larger?

A

Hypertrophy

33
Q

What are the four muscle tissues properties?

A

A. Excitability
B. Contractility
C. Extensibility
D. Elasticity

34
Q

The immovable end of the muscle is called the:

A

Origin

35
Q

The movable end of the muscle is called the:

A

Insertion

Anatomy (5 decks)

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