Musculoskeletal System- test

Question 1

Name the 3 types of muscles

Answer 1

Smooth, Skeletal and Cardiac

Question 2

Define: Nerve

Answer 2

They make up the brain, they carry imformation from the brain to other parts of the body.

Question 3

Define: Cells

Answer 3

The basic unit of life, structure and function in living organisms. Eg muscles, cells

Question 4

Define: Tendons

Answer 4

Tissues attach to muscles to bones

Question 5

Define: tissue

Answer 5

Group of similar cells, that work together to perform a specific function. eg nervous, bone

Question 6

Define: Organisms

Answer 6

Any living thing that is capable of growing, reproducing and metabolising. They can be multi or unicellular.

Question 7

Define: Systems

Answer 7

A group of organs that work together to perform major functions in the body. eg reproductive

Question 8

Define: Ligaments

Answer 8

Bands of tough and flexible tissue that connects two bones together. They hold bones in place and provide stability.

Question 9

Define: Bones

Answer 9

Makes up all the bones in the skeleton. They are hard and strong. Salts such as Calcium are stored between the cells.

Question 10

Define: Organs

Answer 10

A structure in the body that’s composed of different kinds of tissues. Eg stomach

Question 11

Define: Joint

Answer 11

A place in the body, where 2 bones come together. eg where humerus meets ulna and radius

Question 12

Define: Blood

Answer 12

Red blood cells: Carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells where it’s used to release energy you need.

White blood cells: They’re part of the immune system and help the body to fight infection.

Question 13

Define: Fat

Answer 13

Brown fat cells: Used to produce heat for the body
White fat cells: Used as a store of energy. Also form an insulating layer under skin, this helps keeps the body at constant temperature.

Question 14

Define the 4 types of joints and describe

Answer 14

Hinge: Ends of bone shaped so that movement is allowed on only one plate. Extension and flexion ]. Eg elbow/knee

Ball and socket: One bone has a ball-shaped surface that fits into an area shaped like cup ( socket ) in the other bone. It’s able to complete all types of mm. eg shoulder/hip

Pivot joint: Moves by a ring-shaped bone turning around a bone shaped- like finger.

Saddle joint: Allows mm in 2 directions but doesn’t allow the same amount of mm as a ball and socket. eg base and ankle of thumb.

Question 15

To protect our joints, they have:

Answer 15

Cartilage: Covers 2 ends of the bone, it’s smooth and slippery. It protects the bones from friction by acting like a cushion.

Synovial Fluid: Fills in the gaps between 2 bones at a joint. It lubricates the joint and allows the bone to slide over one easily.

Question 16

4 different types of tissue:

Answer 16

Epithelium- It’s just another name for skin. It covers all the organs in the body, including the outside of the body.

Connective tissue: Adds support and structure to the body examples fat, cartilage e.t.c

Muscle tissue: It’s a specialised tissue that can contract, becoming shorter and fatter. Eg the bicep bulges when you pull your forearm.

Nerve tissue: Can send electrical signals around the body. These electrical signals are managed by nerve tissue in the brain, then is passed down the spinal cord.

Question 17

3 main functions:

Answer 17

Support: Our bones provide support for our body tissues. Without our skeleton, our skin and organs will collapse.

Protection: Our bones provide protection for our vital body organs. eg skull protects the brain.

Movement: Our muscles are attached to our bones, so when we contract our muscles, the bones also move, which allowd our whole body to move.