Mutations

Question 1

Mutation

Answer 1

Change in the genetic material of a cell; DNA or RNA

Question 2

Point mutations

Answer 2

Mutations that change a single base pair; only one codon is affected

Question 3

Types of point mutations

Answer 3

Silent- No change to amino acids
Missense-Change to amino acids
Nonsense - Amino acid become stop codon

Question 4

Chromosomal mutations 

Answer 4

Changes the number or structure of chromosomes

Question 5

Types of Chromosomal mutations

Answer 5

Deletion-loss of all or part of a chromosome
Duplication- An extra copy of all or part of a chromosome
Inversion- Reverses the directions of parts of a chromosome
Translocation- When part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another

Question 6

Frameshift mutation

Answer 6

When bases are inserted, or deleted, causing a shift in the reading frame of the genetic mutation (Each codon is affected after the mutation )

Question 7

Mutagen

Answer 7

Chemical or physical agents in the environment that can cause mutations; mutations can be harmful, helpful, or have no effect at all. Some examples are pesticides, smoke, pollutants, and UV light