Mutations

Question 1

What are mutations

Answer 1

Permanent transmissible changes t genetic material of cell

Question 2

How are mutations caused

Answer 2

Copying errors in genetic material during cell division and radiation, chemicals or viruses

Question 3

Where does mutations occur

Answer 3

During meiosis

Question 4

What mutations are there in multicellular organisms

Answer 4

Germline

Somatic

Question 5

What is germline mutation

Answer 5

Can be passed to children

Question 6

What is somatic mutation

Answer 6

Lead to malfunction or death of cell ex cancer

Question 7

What is the driving force of evolution

Answer 7

Mutations

Question 8

How does evolution occur

Answer 8

Less favourable mutations are removed from gene pool by natural selection.
Beneficial mutations accumulate

Question 9

What do neutral mutations do?

Answer 9

Do not affect the organisms chance if survival in natural environment and can accumulate over time.

Question 10

4 types of mutations

Answer 10

Abnormal number of chromosomes
Large affecting sizeable portions of chromeosome
Long repeating sequences of DNA
Small affecting one or a small number of nucleotides

Question 11

What is abnormal # of chromosomes called?

Answer 11

Aneuploidy and polyploidy

Question 12

What is aneuploidy in humans

Answer 12

Abnormal number of chromosomes

Down syndrome or turners syndrome

Question 13

What is polyploidy

Answer 13

Extra sets of chromosomes
Does not occur in humans
Makes different fruits and veggies

Question 14

Large chromosomal alterations examples

Answer 14

Deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation

Question 15

Example if deletion

Answer 15

Cri du chat syndrome

Question 16

Translocation example

Answer 16

Lukemia

Question 17

Long representing sequences of DNA example

Answer 17

Huntington’s or fragile x

Question 18

Small mutations cause by

Answer 18

Mispairing in DNA replication

Question 19

What happens if mutation occurs in noncoding region of DNA

Answer 19

Notions remain but do not affect

Question 20

What is a silent mutation?

Answer 20

Same polypeptide is produced

Question 21

What is a missebse mutation

Answer 21

Sense and antisense strands have a amino acid switch.

Question 22

What is Chain termination mutation

Answer 22

Protein is cut short as a stop codon comes early

Question 23

What is a frameshift mutation

Answer 23

Insertions and deletions