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NFS 043 > My Exam 1 > Flashcards

My Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

diseases that have been linked to diet in the US include

A

heart disease, cancers, and diabetes

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2
Q

nutrients include

A

vitamins and fat

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3
Q

energy in food

A

can be converted in the body to mechanical energy

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4
Q

carbohydrate contains

A

4 kilocalories per gram

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5
Q

the chocolate croissant Dr. Bradley ate for breakfast contained 34 grams of carbohydrate, 5 grams of protein, and 17 grams of fat. How many kilocalories were in Dr. Bradley’s breakfast?

A

309

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6
Q

If Dr. Bradley ate the same breakfast, lunch, and dinner every day during the spring semester, her diet would be lacking in

A

variety

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7
Q

micronutrients are

A

vitamins and minerals

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8
Q

macronutrients are

A

energy-yielding nutrients

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9
Q

carbohydrate is a

A

macronutrient

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10
Q

the dietary reference intakes (DRI) are

A

a set of reference values used to plan and assess the diets of healthy people

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11
Q

processed foods are

A

altered during preparation (for example, by cooking, drying, or dehydrating)

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12
Q

food choice is driven by

A

a myriad of factors including psychological, physical, and social drivers

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13
Q

the leading driver of food choice in America is

A

taste

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14
Q

the dietary guidelines for Americans encourage

A

eating whole foods

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15
Q

the PREDIMED study conducted in spain included assigning and providing diets to two groups of people. One group was provided with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oil. The other group was provided with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts. Researchers assessed how the assigned diets affected biomarkers associated with heart disease. The PREDIMED study was an example of a:

A

randomized controlled trial

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16
Q

in researching the caveman diet, Dr. Bradley found multiple study designs to help her better understand the health benefits associated with low-carbohydrate diets. She reached her conclusions based on studies forms he highest to lowest validity. Thus, she chose:

A

meta0analyses
then randomized controlled trials
then prospective cohorts

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17
Q

Dr. Bradley fed guinea pigs diets rich in trans-fat from butter and margarine to compare the effects of each on risk factors for coronary heart disease Dr. Bradley performed

A

an animal trial

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18
Q

joan has gained weight since the holidays and is thinking of joining a group weight loss program sometime before summer. Joan is in the following stage of behavior change

A

contemplation

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19
Q

bob is overweight, has sleep apnea, and can no longer ski as he once did. Bob continues to eat a poor diet and his friends are gravely concerned about his health. Bob is in the following stage of behavior change

A

precontemplation

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20
Q

the national health and nutrition examination surveys

A

are national surveys that are used to inform nutrition policy in the US

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21
Q

a key difference between the recommended dietary allowance and the estimated average requirement, is that the recommended dietary allowance

A

is a goal set for individuals based on the assumption it meets the needs of almost all healthy people in a life-stage and gender

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22
Q

the adequate intake

A

aims to ensure adequate intake of nutrients

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23
Q

recommended daily intakes

A

are designed primarily to address adequacy

24
Q

the daily values are

A

written for the average healthy person that consumes 2,000 kilocalories per day

25
Q

what is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range for kilocalories

A

45-65% of kcal

26
Q

the dietary guidelines for Americans

A

dictate federal nutrition policy in the united states

27
Q

usda food groups included in the dietary guidelines for americans include

A

fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods, and milk/milk products

28
Q

the usda myplate

A

is a visual depiction of the dietary guidelines for americans

29
Q

the usda myplate

A

recommends that half the plate be fruits and vegetables, includes a serving of dairy, and includes protein foods

30
Q

“calcium builds strong bones” is an example of a

A

structure-function claim

31
Q

“low calorie” is an example of a

A

nutrient claim

32
Q

innate preference

A

describes the phenomenon of human enjoyment of salt, sugar, and fat

33
Q

digestion of macronutrients occurs in the

A

mouth, stomach, and small intestine

34
Q

mechanical digestion begins in the

A

mouth

35
Q

chemical digestion begins in the

A

mouth

36
Q

the stomach is responsible for

A

chemical and mechanical digestion

37
Q

the digestive tract

A

begins in the mouth and ends at the anus

38
Q

the stomach is

A

acidic

39
Q

the esophagus is responsible for

A

moving the food bolus from the mouth to the stomach

40
Q

chyme

A

is the liquid that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine

41
Q

fortified foods

A

have had nutrients added to them

42
Q

tomato products have been associated with reduced risk of certain cancers. thus, tomato products are an example of

A

functional foods

43
Q

organic foods in the US

A

are defined by the USDA

44
Q

organic foods in the US

A

do not contain genetically modified organisms and are grown without growth hormones

45
Q

the sale of meat and poultry in the US is regulated by

A

the USDA

46
Q

some foods that are fortified in the US

A

bread, milk, cereal

47
Q

folic acid (also known as folate) deficiency during pregnancy is associated with spina bifida. This, the FDA has started including folic acid in

A

food fortification

48
Q

credible sources for dietary advice include

A

registered dietitians

49
Q

obesity is a public health concern because

A

it has been linked with leading causes of chronic disease in the US and it contributes to healthcare costs in the US

50
Q

digestion and absorption of carbohydrate, protein, and fat occurs in the

A

small intestine

51
Q

william beaumont is

A

known as the father of gastric physiology

52
Q

antoine lavoisier

A

is known as the father of nutrition

53
Q

hippocrates

A

said, “let food by thy medicine”

54
Q

E.V. McCollum

A

discovered vitamin A

55
Q

who coined the word calorie

A

antoine lavoisier

NFS 043 (9 decks)

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