My French Notes Flashcards
la parole
speech (as in “the power of speech”)
le gibier (n)
a deer
le silex (n)
flint
Autrefois
in the old days
Amener (v)
to lead
Cueillir (v)
to gather
Aboyer (v)
to bark
les mises en garde
warnings
Souvent
often
Exprimez et utilizez:
…d’autant plus…que
…d’autant moins…que
…d’autant mieux…que
Une cause s’ajoute à une autre cause en introduisant une idée d’intensité.
…d’autant plus…que = even more… than…
Je suis d’autant plus fatiguée que j’ai mal dormi
…d’autant moins…que = even less… than…
Il est d’autant triste que il a perdu
…d’autant mieux…que = even better… than
Nous parlons d’autant mieux le francais que nous sommes visité la france
Exprimez le conjugaison du conditionel present
What is conditionnel present used for
pour formuler un demande polimente - “voudriez-vous…?”
pour atteneuer un refus - “j’aimerais bien, mais…”
pour exprimer une souhait - “je voudrais, je souhaitais”
pour suggerer une solution - “A ta place, je mangerais…”
pour une hypotheses - “Si il pleurait, je porterais un…”
Examples of conditionnel present used for polite requests
Examples of how to construct a suggestion using conditionnel present
Comment construire une hypothese dans le present
et
por construire un suggestion
redoutable
fearsome
Comment construire le conditionnel passe?
Expliquez l’utilisation avec les verbes pronomminaux aussi
Nous utilisons le conditionnel passe dans quelles situations? (6)
Avec quelles verbs souvent?
Exemples SVP
un recueil
a collection (i.e. of poems)
il devint …
he became…
étain
(e.g. “un comptoir d’étain”)
tin
Tin countertop
une tête couleur de poussière
a dust covered head
poussière = dust
pourtant
however
il s’en fout de…
he doesn’t care about…
songer (v.)
eg. “il songe a/de”
to think/wonder/reflect/contemplate
remuer (v.)
to move/stir/rub
eg “le chien remue la queue”
“il remue la machoire”
je ne peut rein contre…
I can do nothing against…
la crainte
fear
tituber (v.)
to stagger/reel/lurch
eg: il ivrait et titubait
égorger (v.)
to slay/kill
les oisifs
the idlers
oisiveté
idleness
“…pour ainsi dire…”
…so to speak…
l’étalage
a display (i.e. of foods at a store)
denrées alimentaires
foodstuffs
le dénuement
the destitution
il faut + Infinitif
It is necessary to + Infinitif (This structure is an Impersonal Verb)
It is necessary to + Infinitif (This structure is an Impersonal Verb)
il faut + Infinitif
Il s’agit de + Infinitif/Noun
It is a question of…+ Infinitif/Noun (I.e. theme of a book/movie)
It is a question of…+ Infinitif/Noun (I.e. theme of a book/movie)
Il s’agit de + Infinitif/Noun
Il vaut mieux… + Infinitif
It is better to… + Infinitif
It is better to… + Infinitif
Il vaut mieux… + Infinitif
Il y a
There is/are
There is/are
Il y a
Difference between savoir and connaitre
Savoir = know a fact or how to do something. Connaitre is to be familiar with someone/something
Savoir + Infinitif (e.g. il sait cuisiner)
To know how to Infinitif (e.g. he knows how to cook)
To know how to Infinitif (e.g. he knows how to cook)
Savoir + Infinitif (e.g. il sait cuisiner)
Etre en train de + Infintif
To be in the middle of + Infinitif. Emphasizing that the action is occuring as we speak
Venir de + Infinitif (eg “je viens d’arriver”)
To have just + Infinitif (emphasizing that something has just occurred). “ I have just arrived.” Congugate Venir in Present Tense!
Aller + Infinitif (eg “je vais parler”)
Going to + Infintif (“I will speak”). Implies something you are going to do in the near/forseeable future.
Qu’est-ce que les verbes semi-auxiliaires ? Comment conjuger?
devoir, falloir, pouvoir, vouloir. Après les verbes devoir, falloir, pouvoir, vouloir, on emploie l’infinitif (ex. Je dois arrêter de fumer)
devoir
have to (+infinitive)
falloir
need to, be necessary to *** This verb is only conjugated with “IL” i.e. “il faut” in the present tense
pouvoir
to be able to
vouloir
to want to
What is l’imparfait used for. How is it constructed
The French Past Imperfect Tense “l’imparfait” is used to describe past actions that were still going on at the time described, or actions that occurred regularly in the past. Also used when describing weather, emotions in the past - “setting the scene”
For example: He was eating when you called. They were sleeping in the loft. We used to go to the cinema every Friday night. She would watch him play.
This Tense should not be used for completed actions.
Form this tense by using the present “nous” form of the verb, dropping the “-ons” and adding the following endings: Imperfect ending Je ~ ais Tu ~ais il, elle ~ait Nous ~ions Vous ~iez Ils/elles ~aient
When do you use “a”, “de” and “chez” for locations?
a = la ville ou on est ” je suis a Paris”
de = la ville d’origine “je suis de Paris”
chez - s’utilise avec des personnes - “je suis chez Charles”
Quelle terminasions du mot peut indiquer le gendre masculin?
Quelle terminasions du mot peut indiquer le gendre feminin?
Rules for using (as temporal prepositions):
Pendant
Depuis
Ca Fait… Qu/que
Il y a
Dans
En
Pour
How do you say:
What is it?
Who is it?
What is the logical but incorrect way to formulate these questions?
Qu’est-ce que c’est?
Qui est-ce?
NOT “Qui est-il”
what is construction that subjonctif is most used with. How does this differ when talking about oneself versus others
How are regular -er verbs conjugated in the subjunctif
What is the general rule structure for forming the subjuctif
In subjontif, what do do when nous/vous has different stem than ils?
Conjugate irregular verbs in subjonctif:
etre, avoir, aller, faire
pouvoir, savoir
List the possessive adjectives
GPDF-NI p 36
List the possive pronouns (eg: mine, yours, theirs)
GPDF-NI p 36
Qu’est-ce que les adjectifs demonstratifs et les prenoms demonstratifs?
What is the plus-que parfait used for?
How is the plus que parfait formed?
Compare passe compose, imparfait and plusque parfait schematically
Quand utilisons le gerondif?
GPFI Ch 36
Comment construire le gerondif?
GPFI Ch 36
quelles verbes sont irregulier en gerondif?
GPFI Ch 36
Qu’est-ce que le participe present? Quand l’utilisons?
How is gerondif formed? Used for what?
Quu’est-ce que les pronoms et adjectifs demonstratifs?
GPFI Ch 8
When do we use a, en au(x) for describing presence/location in a town or country?
GPFI Ch 10
When do we use “Dans” vers “sur” to describe location: eg: in a room, on a platform?
Exceptions?
GPFI Ch 10
What is the difference in using “au-dessus” versus “au-desous”?
GPFI Ch 10
what are “ A cote/pres de” and “loin de” used for?
GPFI Ch 10
conjugate avoir in the present tense
GPFI Ch 11
when using avoir to express a sensation of loss or discomfort (eg “avoir faim, avoir besoin de” do you use tres, beaucoup or vraiment to express intensity? Exceptions?
GPFI Ch 11
How do you structure a negation with avoir?
EG: Do you have a dog?
No, I don’t have a dog.
GPFI Ch 11
How are “parce-que” and “comme” used? Difference?
GPFI Ch 52
How is “puisque” used?
GPFI Ch 52
How are “A cause de…” and “Grace a…” used? Difference?
GPFI Ch 52
How do we use “ Donc”, “par consequent” and “alors”?
GPFI Ch 52
How do we use “Si bien que” and “de sorte que”?
Translation?
GPFI Ch 52
“Such that”
How do we use “c’est la raison pour laquelle”/c’est pourqoui” and “c’est pour ca que”?
Translation?
GPFI Ch 52
“For this reason”
In explaining actions to acheive a goal, how do we use “pour”, “pour que…”, “afin” and “afin que…”
GPFI Ch 52
What is the difference between using “pour que…” and “parce que…”?
GPFI Ch 52
In describing opposition between 2 independent facts, how do we use:
Mais
Par contre
En revanche
Tandis que
Alors que
GPFI Ch 52
How to use the expression “histoire de…”?
Ho to use the expressions:
1) de puer de…
2) De puer que…
3) De crainte de…
4) De crainte que…
In demanding an explaination, how to use:
1) pourqoui…
2) Comment ce Faire que…
3) Comment ca fait que…
4) Comment expliquer…
5) Comment expliquer que…
In answering a question, how to use:
Parce que
Comme
Puisque
How do we use:
Etant donne (que)
Vu (que)
De fait de
En Raison de
Given that
In view of
Due to
For reason of
All are used when the cause is not discussed
Use “donc/allors” in statement of consequesnce
Use “c’st pourqoui” or “par concequent” in an explaination of consequences
Use “En consequnce, de ce fait, dans ces conditions” to explain consequnce
se the familiar expressions; “Total, resultat, du coup” in explaining a consequence
use “Si bien que” or de sort que” to explain consequence
“such that”
use “ Si/tellement adjective or adverb que…“
to explain a consequence
Where do we usully place the adjective wrt the name object in french?
GPFI Ch 12
What adjectives are usually placed in front of the object?
GPFI Ch 12
Where are “premier”, “dernier” and “prochaine” placed wrt object in different situations?
GPFI Ch 12
How do these adjectives chane meaning depending on placement wrt object:
grand, pauvre, curieux, seule, chere, propre, ancien, differents
What is the diffeence between “neuf/neuve” and “nouveau/nouvelle” as an adjective?
GPFI Ch 12
How do we talk about the date…I.E. ay “ it is the X of X, in both written and oral form
GPFI Ch 14
How do we talk about the time (eg. it is 10 o’clock)?
GPFI Ch 14
What are the exact meaning of the indefinite adjectives:
quelques, plusieurs, chaque, tous, tout, certain(e)s, d’autres,
aucun(e)
GPFI 15
How are tous/tout(e) used: placement wrt verbe when used as an adjective, etc
GPFI 15
How do we use quelqu’un, quelque chose, quelque part? What are their reciprocals/opposites, and when we use an additional adjective, how is it structured?
GPFI 15
How are verbs of the premier groupe (ending in -er) conjugated?
GPFI 16
take the radical (the verb minus -er) and add: e, es, e, ons, ez, ent
When to use “bon” versus “bien”
CPFI ch 18
Whe=n to use “rapide” versus “vite”
GPFI Ch 18
When to use “tres” versus “beaucoup”
GPFI Ch 18
How is the partatif “de” used?
GPFI Ch 19
De ~ “some”
used to express an indeterminate amount of something
How is “de” used when expressing an implied amount?
GPFI Ch 19
How is “de” used when expressing negation or opposition (to a stated amount)?
GPFI Ch 19
How is the pronom “ en” used?
GPFI Ch20
“that/this/those”
en general, “en” remplace un nom precede par “de”
how to use pronom “en” when a specific quantity is mentioned?
GPFI Ch20
How to use the pronom “en” with negation?
GPFI Ch20
Comment forme-t-on l’imparfait?
Pourqoui l’utilise-t-on?
The imperfect ( l’imparfait) describes continued, repeated, habitual actions or incomplete actions, situations, or events in the past. The imperfect describes what was going on at an indefinite time in the past or what used to happen.
“Setting the stage” - eg weather conditions in the past
The imperfect can be translated by “would” when it implies “used to.
