Mycology

Question 1

Mycology is the study of fungi
Relatively novel field in medicine

Mycoses:
Mycotoxins:
Mytoxicosis:

Answer 1

Fungi infections

Toxins produces by fungi eg aflatoxin of Aspergillus flavus

Fungi intoxification

Question 2

Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes

Morphologically categorized into ____ &____

They are saprophytic organisms

Answer 2

Heterotrophic

yeast (single-celled) and filamentous (mold) forms.

Question 3

Fungi are like mammalian cells, that is, they are eukaryotic but their cell membranes differ in that they contain _____, while mammalian cells contain cholesterol.

Answer 3

Ergosterol

Question 4

Over _____ species of fungi are estimated to be in existence with only _____ species accounting for disease in human

Answer 4

5 million

~300

Question 5

fungi cell wall is made up of _____,____,____& ____

Size-diameter

Answer 5

Chitin
Mannan
Or both
Beta glucans

4 um——-1um

Question 6

Fungi are thermal ______

Answer 6

Dimorphic

Question 7

The cell membrane contains ______ which is absent in bacteria asll (cholesterol)

Answer 7

Ergosterol

Question 8

Ergosterol is the site of action of antifungal drugs,
Eg

Answer 8

amphtericin B

azole group

Question 9

There are 4 fungi and 2 endemic dimorphic main fungal pathogens responsible for the majority cases of serious fungal disease.
These are

Answer 9

Aspergillus,
Candida,
Cryptococcus species,
Pneumocystis jirovecii,

endemic dimorphic fungi such as
Histoplasma capsulatum
Talaromyces marneffei

Question 10

3 fungi are always lethal unless diagnosed and treated early and correctly.

Answer 10

Cryptococcal meningitis,
pneumocystis pneumonia,
disseminated histoplasmosis

Question 11

Most fungi are _____, some are ______, but none are _______.

Answer 11

Obligatory Aerobes
Facultative anaerobes
Obligatory Anaerobes

Question 12

All fungi require a performed ______ ______ ______–association with decaying matter.

Most are saprophytic

Answer 12

organic source of carbon

Question 13

_____ is the environment except for _______ ___which is part normal flora of humans

Answer 13

Natural habitat

Candida spp

Question 14

Fungi causes diseases primarily in humans if they are ______ or ______

Answer 14

immunosuppressed OR the fungal spores (load/burden) is much

Question 15

6 Common immunosuppression that predispose to mycoses are ?

Answer 15

diabetes,
HIV/AIDS,
long term steroid use,
cancers,
cancer treatments,
stem cell and solid organ transplant
Etc

Question 16

Fungi morphology

Answer 16

Filamentous fungi (molds)

Yeasts
Yeast-like fungi

Dimorphic fungi

Question 17

The basic morphological elements of filamentous fungi are long branching filaments or ____, which intertwine to produce a mass of _____ or ______

Answer 17

Hyphae

Filaments or mycelium

Question 18

Colonies are strongly adherent to the medium and unlike most bacterial colonies cannot be __________

Hyphae can be____ or ____
Their colony on ____ aids their diagnosis by their appearance and pigments produced

Answer 18

Emulsified in water

septate or non septate

Agar

Question 19

Yeast fungi occur in the form of round or oval bodies which reproduce by the formation of ____ known as_____.

They are also called budding yeast, with _____ ______attached
Yeasts colonies resemble bacterial colonies in
______&_______

Answer 19

Buds

Blastospores

Daughter cells

appearance and in consistency.

Question 20

Dimorphic fungi are ______ in the environment (saprophytic phase) 25 – 270C.

______ in human body (parasitic/pathologic phase) 370C.

Answer 20

Molds
Yeast

Question 21

Examples of Dimorphic fungi

Answer 21

Histoplasma carpsulatum

Blastomyces

Question 22

Mycoses can occur in 4 ways these are

Answer 22

Superficial
Subcutaneous
Systemic
Opportunistic