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Geography > Natural Hazards > Flashcards

Natural Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

Those hazards to human health and wealth that are created in the atmosphere - including hurricanes and tornadoes.

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2
Q

Drought

A

A prolonged dry period in the natural climate cycle.

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3
Q

Geological hazards

A

An extreme natural event in the crust of the earth that pose a threat to life and property, for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis and landslides

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4
Q

Hazard risk

A

The chance or probability of being affected by a natural event.

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5
Q

Natural hazards

A

A natural event that has a huge social impact.

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6
Q

Poverty

A

The state of not having enough material possessions or income for a person’s basic needs.

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7
Q

Tropical storm

A

A localised, very intense low-pressure wind system, forming over tropical oceans and with winds of hurricane force.

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8
Q

Composite volcanoes

A

A volcano with a stratified structure built up from sequential outpourings of erupted magma.

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9
Q

Conservative plate margin

A

Point where plates slide past each other in opposite directions, or in the same direction but at different speeds.

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10
Q

Constructive plate margin

A

Point where plates move apart from one another creating an opening in the crust.

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11
Q

Continental crust

A

Outermost layer of the earth comprised of different types of basalt rock.

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12
Q

Convection currents

A

Movements of energy in the mantle caused by the heat from the core.

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13
Q

Destructive plate margin

A

The plates move towards one another and this movement can cause earthquakes and volcanoes.

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14
Q

Mantle

A

Layer of the earth containing magma.

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15
Q

Monitoring

A

Using scientific equipment to detect warning signs of event such as a volcanic eruption.

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16
Q

Planning

A

Identifying and avoiding places most at risk of hazards.

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17
Q

Prediction

A

Using historical evidence and monitoring, scientists can make predictions about where and when hazards can occur.

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18
Q

Primary effect

A

An immediate, direct result of a natural hazard.

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19
Q

Protection

A

Designing buildings that will withstand tectonic hazards.

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20
Q

Ridge Push

A

Gravitational force that causes a plate to move away from the crest of an ocean ridge.

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21
Q

Secondary effect

A

A knock-on impact of a primary effect, indirect.

22
Q

Shield volcano

A

A wide, flat volcano formed by the eruption of highly fluid lava, which travels farther and forms thinner flows.

23
Q

Slab pull

A

The pulling force exerted by a cold, dense oceanic plate plunging into the mantle due to its own weight.

24
Q

Subduction

A

Occurs at destructive plate margins by which slabs of oceanic crust descend into the mantle.

25
Q

Atmospheric circulation

A

The natural process whereby general circulation of the earth and regional movements of air around areas of high and low pressure.

26
Q

Condensation

A

Change of the physical state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase.

27
Q

Convectional Rainfall

A

Occurs when the energy of the sun heats the surface of the Earth, causing water to evaporate to form water vapour.

28
Q

Coriolis effect

A

The pattern of deflection taken by objects not firmly connected to the ground as they travel long distances around the earth.

29
Q

Evaporation

A

When a liquid turns into a gas due to the heat from the sun.

30
Q

Extreme weather

A

Weather out of the ordinary that can cause harm to people and the environment.

31
Q

Eye wall

A

Strongest part of a tropical storm with strong winds and the heaviest rain.

32
Q

Pressure Belts

A

Seven areas that run laterally around the world with a similar pressure system.

33
Q

Saffir - Simpson scale

A

A system that classifies tropical storms from a scale of 1-5 based on the sustained wind speeds.

34
Q

Storm surge

A

A rise in sea level that occurs during tropical cyclones.

35
Q

Trade winds

A

Winds that reliably blow east to west just north and south of the equator.

36
Q

Wind shear

A

A change in wind speed and and/or direction over a short distance.

37
Q

Afforestation

A

The action of planting trees to promote carbon dioxide uptake.

38
Q

Axial tilt

A

The movement of the earth on its axis from 21.5 degrees to 24.5 degrees.

39
Q

Carbon capture and storage

A

The process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide before it is released into the atmosphere.

40
Q

Eccentricity

A

The changing orbit of the earth from elliptical to circular.

41
Q

Enhanced greenhouse effect

A

Additional heat retained due to the increased amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that humans have released into the atmosphere since the industrial revolution.

42
Q

Fluctuations

A

An irregular rising and falling in number or amount; a variation.

43
Q

Ice cores

A

A core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheet or a high mountain glacier.

44
Q

Industrial revolution

A

The transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United states, involving the mass production of goods.

45
Q

Mitigation

A

Reducing the severity of climate change by removing CO2.

46
Q

Precession

A

The earth naturally wobbling taking 26,000 years.

47
Q

Pyroclastic flow

A

A dense, fast moving flow of solidified lava pieces, volcanic ash, and hot gases.

48
Q

Quarternary period

A

A geological epoch covering the last 2.6 million years.

49
Q

Sunspots

A

A temporary phenomenon on the sun’s surface that appear as spots darker than the surrounding areas.

50
Q

Volcanic winter

A

A reduction in global temperatures caused by volcanic ash and droplets of sulphuric acid and water obscuring the sun.

Geography (9 decks)

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