natural hazards

Question 1

natural hazard

Answer 1

a ​naturally occurring event ​that is a threat to a ​population​

Question 2

factors affecting hazard risk

Answer 2

poverty
population density

Question 3

how do tectonic plates move

Answer 3

convection currents under the Earth’s crust transfer heat, which rises through the surface and cools back down in a circular motion

Question 4

what is a primary effect of a tectonic hazard

Answer 4

Primary effects are those which occur as a direct result of the earthquake or volcanic eruption. including loss of life

Question 5

what is a secondary effect of a tectonic hazard

Answer 5

Earthquakes often trigger tsunamis and landslides hours after the main event - these are secondary impacts.

Question 6

what is the immediate responses

Answer 6

the aid and assistance that are given within the first few hours or days following a disaster.

Question 7

what is the long term responses

Answer 7

responses that go on for months and years after a disaster. They involve rebuilding destroyed infrastructure

Question 8

what is monitoring

Answer 8

using scientific equipment to detect warning signs of events

Question 9

what is prediction

Answer 9

using historical evidence along with live data to estimate when and where a natural hazard might happen.

Question 10

protection

Answer 10

designing buildings or structures that will withstand natural hazards.

Question 11

what is planning

Answer 11

Local authorities have emergency plans in place for evacuation, search and rescue

Question 12

what are the natural causes of climate change

Answer 12

orbital changes
volcanic activity
solar output

Question 13

what are the mitigations of climate change

Answer 13

alternative energy production
carbon capture
planting trees
international agreements

Question 14

what is a constructive plate boundary

Answer 14

At a constructive plate margin the plates move apart from one another. When this happens the magma from the mantle rises up to make (or construct) new land in the form of a shield volcano. The movement of the plates over the mantle can cause earthquakes.

Question 15

what is a conservative plate boundary

Answer 15

At a conservative plate margin, the plates move past each other or are side by side moving at different speeds. As the plates move, friction occurs and plates become stuck. Pressure builds up because the plates are still trying to move. When the pressure is released, it sends out huge amounts of energy, causing an earthquake. The earthquakes at a conservative plate boundary can be very destructive as they occur close to the Earth’s surface. There are no volcanoes at a conservative plate margin.

Question 16

what is a destructive plate boundary

Answer 16

A destructive plate margin usually involves an oceanic plate and a continental plate. The plates move towards one another and this movement can cause earthquakes.

As the plates collide, the oceanic plate is forced beneath the continental plate. This is known as subduction. This happens because the oceanic plate is denser (heavier) than the continental plate.

Question 17

how do tropical storms form

Answer 17

Tropical storms form between approximately 5° and 30° latitude. Because of easterly winds they initially move westward.
The air above the warm ocean is heated. Once the ocean water reaches at least 27°C, the warm air rises quickly, causing an area of very low pressure.
As the air continues to rise quickly it draws more warm moist air up from above the ocean leading to strong winds.
The rapidly rising warm air spirals upwards, cools, condenses and large cumulonimbus clouds form.
These clouds form the eye wall of the storm and produce heavy rainfall.