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ECOLOGY > Nature of Ecology pt. 1 > Flashcards

Nature of Ecology pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is ecology

A

study of relationships between living organisms, including humans and their physical environment

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2
Q

who put emphasis on the relation of ecology to the new and revolutionary ideas put forth in Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species

A

ernst haeckel (1866)

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3
Q

also referred to as “the struggle for existence” by Ernst Haeckel

A

Darwin’s theory of natural selection

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4
Q

it is a mechanism allowing the study of ecology to go beyond descriptions of natural history and examine the processes that control the distribution and abundance of organisms

A

darwin’s theory of natural selection

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5
Q

define what is “eco” in the word ecosystem

A

relating to the environment

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6
Q

define what is “system” in the word ecosystem

A

implies that ecosystem functions as a collection of related that function as a unit

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7
Q

relating to the environment

A

eco

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8
Q

implies that ecosystem functions as a collection of related that function as a unit

A

system

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9
Q

give the two basic interacting components of ecosystem

A

biotic and abiotic factors

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10
Q

give examples of abiotic factors

A

climate, soil

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11
Q

what abiotic factor directly influence the forest trees

A

soil

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12
Q

in a forest ecosystem, herbivores feed on what?

A

they feed on the canopy

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13
Q

in a forest ecosystem, predators such as warbler feed upon

A

insects

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14
Q

what intercepts light in a forest ecosystem, modifying its availabity for understory plants

A

canopy

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15
Q

in a forest ecosystem, decomposers feed on

A

dead organic matter

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16
Q

by feeding on dead organic matter

A

decomposers release nutrients to the soil that provide for the growth of plants

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17
Q

what factor gives nutrient to the soil which allows for the growth of plants

A

decomposers feeding on dead organic matter

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18
Q

state the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest

A

atom, molecule, macromolecule, cell, tissue, organs, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

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19
Q

give examples of a macromolecule

A

proteins and DNA

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20
Q

basic unit of life

A

cell

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21
Q

cells associate to form

A

tissue

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22
Q

tissues make up

A

organ

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23
Q

tissues and organs make up

A

organ system

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24
Q

organ systems work together in a functional

A

organism

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25
Q

consists of organisms of the same species

A

population

26
Q

populations of different species that populate the same area

A

community

27
Q

community together with the nonliving environment forms an

A

ecosystem

28
Q

earth and all of its communities constitute the

A

biosphere

29
Q

give the different levels in the hierarchy of ecological systems

A

individual organism > population > community > ecosystem > landscape > biome > biosphere

30
Q

ecologists investigate nature using the

A

scientific method

31
Q

all scientific studies begin with _____ of natural phenomenon

A

observations

32
Q

observations give rise to _____ that seek an explanation of the obseved phenomenon

A

question

33
Q

an answer to the question is proposed that takes the form of a statement of cause and effect

A

hypothesis

34
Q

____ follow from the hyphothesisl; must be testable

A

predictions

35
Q

process of testing predictions through observations and experinents

A

hypothesis testing

36
Q

what should you do if the experiment results are not consistent with the predictions

A

conceptual model of how the ecosystem works must be reconsidered and new hypothesis must be constructed

37
Q

explain the flow of scientific method

A

make an observation > ask a question > form hypothesis that answers the question > make a prediction based on the hypothesis > do an experiment to test prediction > analyze results > if hypothesis is supported, report results > if not, try again

38
Q

integrated set of hypotheses that together explain a broader set of observations than any single hypothesis

A

theory

39
Q

allow us to predict some behaviour or respponse using a set of explicit assumptions

A

models

40
Q

abstractions and simplifications of natural phenomena

A

models

41
Q

where do ecologists develop models from

A

research data

42
Q

models may be ____ or _____

A

mathematical, verbally descriptive

43
Q

true or false: hypotheses are models

A

true

44
Q

verbally descriptive models are

A

qualitative

45
Q

mathematical models offer

A

quantitative predictions

46
Q

give types of interdisciplinary science

A

physiological, behavioral, and physical

47
Q

deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts

A

physiological

48
Q

relating to behavior, pertaining to reaction made in response to social stimuli

A

behavioral

49
Q

using physical movement

A

physical

50
Q

what is the basic unit of ecology

A

individual

51
Q

what determines the dynamics of population and the interactionsn among individuals of the same and different species that structures communities

A

collective birth and death of individuals

52
Q

give four branches of ecology

A

population, community, ecosystem, conservation ecology

53
Q
A
54
Q

study of how populations grow

A

population ecology

55
Q

study of how populations interact with each other

A

community ecology

56
Q

study of how populations interact with their physical environment

A

ecosystem ecology

57
Q

study of how to preserve and create a healthy lasting biosphere

A

conservation ecology

58
Q

what arises from the limitation posed by focusing only a small subset of nature

A

uncertainty in science

59
Q

what is the real goal of hypothesis testing

A

to eliminate incorrect ideas

60
Q

value varies with the person making the measurement

A

uncertain digit

61
Q

study of responses draws on such fields as:

A

physiology, biochem, genetics, geology, hydrology, meterology

62
Q

responds to the environment and passes genes to successive generations

A

individual

ECOLOGY (4 decks)

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