Nazi Impact

Question 1

Joseph Goebbels created the … which regulated the …

Answer 1

(Reich Chamber of Culture) in September 1933

Press
Radio
Theatre
Film
Cinema

Question 2

Reich Chamber of Culture
- Requirement
The purpose of the organisation

Answer 2

1935 – you had to present a certificate of Aryan Heritage to join
1938 – you had to present a certificate of political good conduct

Promote the Aryanisation of German culture and purify Germany of any Jewish influence

Question 3

Nazis used culture to promote:

Answer 3

Anti-Semitism
Superiority of Aryan race
German nationalism and the glory of war
Importance of family and the Volk
German virtues: loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline
Heimat (sense of belonging to the German homeland)

Question 4

The name of an organisation that rioted against modern art and anti-war films

Answer 4

The League of German culture (established 1929)

Question 5

Hitler’s perception of art
German art requirements

Answer 5

“Anyone who sees and paints sky green and pastures blue out to be sterilised” - Hitler

Art should be romantic and realistic → ordinary Germans could understand this

Question 6

Theatre Impact
An American Novelist quote

Answer 6

John London (2000): “Jewish actors were forced into exile or premature retirement.”

Jewish writers, actors and directors were eliminated

Question 7

Overview of Religion

Answer 7

When the Nazis came to power in 1933:
- Approx. ⅓ of the German population were Catholic
- ⅔ identified as Protestant
- Christian values = antithesis of Nazi ideology

Question 8

Nazi control impact on the protestants

Answer 8

• In 1935, Hitler established a Reich Ministry of Church Affairs (Hans Kerrl)
• Closed down Church Schools
• Church sites vandalised

Question 9

Protestants Oppositions

Answer 9

2000 Lutheran pastors defected and formed the Emergency League in 1934

Martin Niemoller and Dietrich Bonhoeffer established the Confessing Church
→ banned in 1935

Thousands of pastors that joined the Confessing Church were beaten, tortured or arrested

Question 10

How Jehovah’s Witness and homosexuals were impacted

Answer 10

25,000 Jehovah’s witnesses in Germany in 1933, up to 1/2 were sent to prison. 2

1500 homosexuals were confined to concentration camps by the end of the 1930s.

Question 11

Jewish Population of Germany

Answer 11

1933: 525,000

1941: 165,000

Question 12

Workers
- Programs = benefits
- Statistics on workers that ebenfiteed

Answer 12

Strength through Joy
25 million workers benefited in the period 1933 - 1939.

Question 13

Hitler Youth
- Established
- Statistics on the number of boys and employees

Answer 13

est. 1926 and League of German Maidens (est. 1930)

1936 - 7.2 million boys in Hitler Youth and 8,000 full-time and 700,000 part-time employees to administer

Question 14

Process of Conformity to Youth Organisations
- Law in …
- Statistics on membership
- Gift rewarded to boys

Answer 14

December 1936: law made it compulsory for all German boys aged 14 to 18 to be members of the Hitler Youth

1939- membership had reached 8 million

‘Blood and Honour’ dagger – gift of initiation for boys aged 14.

Question 15

Aim of Youth Groups
- Example of activities

Answer 15

The activities of the various sections of the Hitler Youth, such as singing, camping and sport, had general appeal but they also reflected Nazi values, with the boys involved in military style training and the girls preparing for home-making and support roles.

Question 16

Impact of youth through education
- Gender-specific subjects

Answer 16

Girls studied only domestic courses & basic math and science.
Boys emphasis on physical education, history, biology

‘Sciences of the Races’ taught to all students – developed an understanding of racial hierarchy

Glorification of Germany’s historic past.

Question 17

Nazi control of the labour front
- Example of Gleichschaltung.

Answer 17

All workers had to join Nazi German Labour Front as trade unions were abolished
- Negotiated wages and conditions and achieved some benefits for workers
- While workers gained employment and rise in wages the cost of living rose too

Question 18

Negatives aspects of the Nazi regime (for Workers)

Answer 18

Restrictions/Lack of Political Power:
Workers could not strike
In 1935, the ‘workbook’ was introduced. This was a record of workers’ skills and employment history
Hourly wages increased only 1% a year
Working hours increased from 43 hours to 47 hours from 1933-1939.
Fewer consumer goods (“butter”)

Question 19

Positive impact of Nazi’s on Workers
- Statistics in employment and unemployment
- Initiatives formed
- Car

Answer 19

By 1934, unemployment was down from 6 million under the Weimar to 2.9 million

‘Strength Through Joy’

1938: Workers given the chance to join saving plans to buy a Volkswagen (Peoples Car), the car given after 4 years payment

Question 20

Women in Nazi society
- Role
- Nazi restriction
- Prohibition
- Methods to encourage women to marry

Answer 20

Devote themselves to the 3Ks ‘Kinder, Kuche, Kirche’ (Children, Kitchen. Church)

1933-1936 married women were forced out of public service roles

Prohibition on abortion and access to birth control was restricted.

Cheap loans offered to married couples and financial incentives and awards for having large families.

Question 21

Impact of Nazi policies on Women
- Birth rates

Answer 21

The birth rate from 14.7/1000 in 1933 to 19.6/1000 1938.

Question 22

Women’s organisations
- Educate women on modethood and domestic duties

Benefits on couples
- Awards

Answer 22

The Nazi Women’s Group and League of German Maidens

Marriage Aryan couples were given interest-free loans as part of the Marriage Scheme (around 4 months wages)

In 1939, mothers of four or more children were rewarded with ‘The Mother’s Cross’
- Gold Cross for 8 kids

Question 23

Youth opposition
- Statistics
- Organisation

Answer 23

By 1939 - 1.6 million young people were not members of youth groups

The Edelweiss Pirates
- Spent their time camping, hiking.
- Slogan: “eternal war on the Hitler Youth”

The Swing Kids
- Listened to US and British music & wore modern clothes

Question 24

Quote by American pianist about the favoured music of the Nazi regime

Answer 24

Piero Weiss (2008) describes the favoured music of the Nazi regime as “racial, pure and simple”

Question 25

Children’s grace recited before meals in

Answer 25

1936
Fuhrer, my Fuhrer, sent to me by God

Question 26

Hitler quote about an ideal youth

Answer 26

“swift as a greyhound, as tough as leather and as hard as Krupp’s steel.”

Question 27

Historian described indoctrination of youth and obserrved that (quote)

Answer 27

The Australian historian Stephen Roberts
‘Hitler has captured the children, heart and soul’

Question 28

Hitler quote on women

Answer 28

‘The man stands for the volk, exactly as the woman stands up for the family’

Question 29

Perception towards Jewish individuals through a road sign
- Historian quote

Answer 29

William Shirer
Taunting signs were put up such as a road sign near Ludwigshafen which stated, “Drive Carefully! Sharp Curve! Jews 75 Miles an Hour”

Question 30

Fuhrerprinzip

Answer 30

The belief that Fuhrer, Hitler was the supreme ruler who encapsulated the nation spirit and controlled all areas of the regime.
1938 Nazi poster “One People, One Nation, One Leader”

Question 31

Hyperinflation Germany marks cost

Answer 31

400 mark = $1USD 1922
30 mill marks = $1USD 1929

Question 32

Rule by decree

Answer 32

1933 Reichstag Fire Decree Februrary