ND app

Question 1

5

Describe how the New Deal failed women

Answer 1

• Did not tend to vote as a group so were rarely appealed to by politicians
• 1933 Economy Act forbade members of the same family from working for the federal government. 75% of people who lost jobs under this measure were women.
• NRA codes allowed unequal wages
• Some agencies, such as the CCC, banned women
• On average in the 1930s, women earned half the average wage of men

Question 2

3

Describe how the New Deal failed African Americans

Answer 2

• NRA codes allowed for black americans to be paid less than their white counterparts
• The CCC was run by a racist Southerner who did not advertise the organisation to black men and ensured that those who did join faced strict segregation
• Anti-lynching bills reached congress in 1934 and 1937 but Roosevelt did nothing to support either and they both failed

Question 3

2

Describe how the New Deal failed Native Americans

Answer 3

• Native Americans remained some of the poorest people in the US
• were unable to fully take advantage of the New Deal

Question 4

3

Describe the effect of the New Deals on unemployment

Answer 4

• 1933 = 18 million unemployed, 1939 = 9 million unemployed
• Roosevelt Recession of 1937 saw a return to higher unemployment (19% workforce unemployed in 1938)
• Main reason for falling unemployment was the amendment of the 1935 Neutrality Act in November 1939 so belligerents could now buy from the US

Question 5

3

Describe the economic effects of the New Deal

Answer 5

• Economic recovery was limited particularly due to the ideas of balanced budget spending
• National total personal income was $86 billion in 1929, $73 billion in 1939 (despite population increase if 9 million)
• Average wage per week was $25.03 in 1929, $23.86 in 1939

Question 6

3

Describe the political effects of the New Deal

Answer 6

• Economic reforms aimed to re-stabilise capitalism
• Labour unions and the federal government took their place in labour relations
• Expansion of state and federal government in terms of welfare provision

Question 7

3

Describe the social effects of the New Deal

Answer 7

• Changing role of the federal government supporting those in need
• Legislation was often inadequate but set important precedents
• Greater role of state and local government partnerships

Question 8

2

Describe how Native Americans were affected by the New Deal

Answer 8

• New Commissioner for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, John Collier, was determined to reverse government policy towards NA
• Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934

Question 9

4

Describe the Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934

Answer 9

• Tribes were reorganised into self-governing bodies that could vote to adopt constitutions and have their own police and legal systems
• They could control land sales on reservations and manage tribal resources
• Some argued this undermined efforts to modernise and assimilate NA
• 75 out of 245 tribes vetoed these measures when asked to vote on them

Question 10

2

Describe how the ND helped AAs

Answer 10

• More AA appointed to government
• The civil service tripled the number of black americans in its employment between 1932 and 1941