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GEN ANA > NECK > Flashcards

NECK Flashcards

1
Q

The neck is the region of the body that lies bet the ___ above and the ____ below

A

lower margin of the Mandible

Suprasternal notch & upper border of clavicle

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2
Q

The ___ bone moves relatively freely and anchors the tongue

A

Hyoid

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3
Q

Larynx and trachea are parts of the ___ system

A

Respiratory

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4
Q

Pharynx and esophagus are part of the ___ system

A

Alimentary

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5
Q

Parts of the respiratory sysem run through the ___

A

Anterior central region of the neck

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6
Q

Parts of the alimentary system pass through the ___

A

Posterior central region

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7
Q

The natural lines of cleavage of the skin are constant and run almost ___ around the neck

A

Horizontally

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8
Q

Supply the skin overlying the trapezius muscle on the back of the neck and back of the scalp as high as the vertex

A

Post. Rami of cervical nerves 2-5

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9
Q

A branch of the posterior ramus of the second cervical nerve

A

Greater occipital nerve

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10
Q

T/F: The first cervical nerve has no cutaneous branch

A

True

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11
Q

The skin of the front and sides of the neck is supplies by anterior rami of cervical nerves 2-4 through the branches of the ___

A

Cervical plexus

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12
Q

Supplies the skin on the anterior and lateral surfaces of the neck, from the body of the mandible to the sternum

A

Transverse cutaneous nerve

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13
Q

The lesser occipital nerve hooks around the __

A

Accessory nerve

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14
Q

C2 ascends along the posterior border of the ___

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

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15
Q

The lesser occipital nerve supplies ghe skin over the lateral part of the ___ & medial surface of the ___

A

Occipital region
Auricle

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16
Q

Supraclavicular nerve that supplies the skin as far as the median plane

A

Medial suprascapular n.

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17
Q

The great auricular n. supply the skin over the ___, ____, & ____

A

Angle of the mandible
Parotid gland
Both surfaces of the auricle

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18
Q

Suprascapular nerve that supplies the skin of the chest wall

A

Intermediate suprascapular n.

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19
Q

Suprascapular n. that supplies the skin over the shoulder & the upper half of the deltoid muscle

A

Lateral suprascapular n.

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20
Q

This nerve supplies the posterior aspect of the shoulder as far down as the spine of the scapula

A

Lateral suprascapular n.

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21
Q

A thin, broad, clinically important muscular sheet embedded in the superficial fascia

A

Platysma

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22
Q

T/F: Platysma is not part of the facial muscles

A

False

-it is one of the facial muscles derived from the 1st pharyngeal arch and innervated by the facial n.

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23
Q

The external jugular vein begins just behind the angle of the mandible by the union of the ___ & ___

A

Posterior auricular vein & posterior division of the retromandibular vein

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24
Q

The external jugular vein drains into the ___

A

Subclavian vein

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25
Q

The course of the external jugular vein extends from the ___ to the __

A

Angle of the mandible to the middle of the clavicle

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26
Q

Tributaries of the external jugular vein

A

Posterior auricular vein
Posterior div of the retromandibular vein
Posterior external jugular vein
Transverse cervical vein
Suprascapular vein
Anterior jugular vein

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27
Q

Just above the suprasternal notch, the anterior jugular veins of the two sides unite by a transverse trunk called the ___

A

jugular arch

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28
Q

The external jugular vein is less obvious in children and women because their ____ tends to be thicker than the tissue of adult men

A

subcutaneous tissue

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29
Q

The ___ lymph nodes lie along the external jugular vein superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

superficial cervical

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30
Q

the superficial lymph nodes receive lymph vessels from the ___ & ____ lymph nodes and drain into the ___

A

occipital and mastoid lymph nodes
deep cervical lymph nodes

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31
Q

collectively referred to as the strap muscles

A

The sternocleidomastoid muscle and the muscles anterior to it, plus the inferior belly of the omohyoid

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32
Q

Muscles superior to the hyoid bone are the ____ muscles

A

suprahyoid

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33
Q

muscles inferior to the hyoid bone are the

A

infrahyoid muscles

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34
Q

scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, scalenus posterior, longus colli, longus capitis are called __ muscles

A

deep neck muscles

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35
Q

anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, genioglossus, stylohyoid are __ muscles

A

suprahyoid muscles

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36
Q

It divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

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37
Q

When the sternocleidomastoid muscle ____, it appears as an oblique band crossing the side of the neck from the sternoclavicular joint to the mastoid process of the skull

A

contracts

38
Q

a result of excessive stretching of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle during a difficult labor

A

Congenital Torticollis

39
Q

results from repeated chronic contractions of
the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

A

Spasmodic Torticollis

40
Q

The ____ muscle is a key muscle in understanding the root of the
neck

A

scalenus anterior

41
Q

The transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries and the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia bind the _____ to the anterior surface of the scalenus anterior muscle

A

phrenic nerve

42
Q

the origin of the brachial plexus

A

cervical pleura

43
Q

The scalenus medius muscle lies ___ the scalenus anterior muscle

A

behind

44
Q

The adjacent edges of the scalenus anterior and medius muscles and the first rib form a triangular gap, the _____ triangle

A

interscalene

45
Q

The _____ artery and the ______ pass through the interscalene triangle

A

subclavian artery and the roots of the brachial plexus

46
Q

Narrowing of the interscalene triangle (e.g., due to extra muscle slips or a cervical rib) may compress its neurovascular contents, resulting in ____ and/or nerve dysfunction in the upper limb.

A

ischemia

47
Q

The sternocleidomastoid muscle divides the neck into large ___ and ____ triangles

A

anterior, posterior

48
Q

Subdivisions of the anterior triangle

A

muscular, carotid, submental, submandibular

49
Q

boundaries of muscular triangle

A

Anterior midline, anterior edge of sternocleidomastoid, superior belly of the omohyoid

50
Q

boundaries of the carotid triangle

A

Superior belly of the omohyoid, anterior edge of
sternocleidomastoid, posterior belly of digastric

51
Q

boundaries of the submental triangle

A

Anterior midline, hyoid bone, anterior belly of
digastric

52
Q

boundaries of the submandibular triangle

A

Lower margin of body of the mandible, anterior belly of digastric, posterior belly of digastric

53
Q

anterior triangle boundaries

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle, the midline of the neck, and the lower margin of the body of the mandible

54
Q

posterior triangle boundaries

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle, the trapezius muscle, and the clavicle

55
Q

subdivisions of the posterior triangle

A

occipital & omoclavicular (subclavian) triangles

56
Q

boundaries of the occipital triangle

A

Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, inferior belly of
omohyoid

57
Q

boundaries of the omoclavicular triangle

A

Sternocleidomastoid, inferior belly of omohyoid, clavicle

58
Q

Muscular triangle contents

A

Infrahyoid muscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands

59
Q

Carotid triangle contents

A

Common carotid artery, carotid sinus, carotid body

60
Q

Submental triangle contents

A

Submental lymph nodes, anterior jugular vein

61
Q

Submandibular triangle contents

A

Submandibular gland

62
Q

Occipital triangle contents

A

Occipital artery, spinal accessory nerve (CN XI),
brachial plexus (trunks)

63
Q

Omoclavicular triangle contents

A

Subclavian artery (third part)

64
Q

fascia that supports the muscles, the vessels, and the viscera of the neck

A

Deep Cervical Fascia

65
Q

a thick layer that encircles the neck

A

Investing Layer (Investing Deep Fascia)

66
Q

The investing layer splits to enclose the ___ and the ___ muscles.

A

trapezius
sternocleidomastoid

67
Q

a thin layer that is attached above to the laryngeal
cartilages

A

pretracheal layer

68
Q

The pretracheal layer surrounds the ___ and the ____ glands, forming a sheath for them, and encloses the infrahyoid muscles.

A

thyroid
parathyroid

69
Q

a thick layer that passes like a septum across the
neck behind the pharynx and the esophagus and in front of the prevertebral muscles and the vertebral column

A

prevertebral layer

70
Q

the prevertebral layer forms the fascial floor of the ____ , and it extends laterally over the first rib into the axilla to form the important ____

A

posterior triangle
axillary sheath

71
Q

a local condensation of the prevertebral, the pretracheal, and the investing layers of the deep fascia

A

Carotid Sheath

72
Q

The carotid sheath surrounds the:

A

common and internal carotid arteries
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
deep cervical lymph nodes

73
Q

All the anterior rami of the cervical nerves that emerge in the interval between the scalenus anterior and scalenus medius muscles lie at first deep to the ____

A

prevertebral fascia

74
Q

As the subclavian artery and the brachial plexus
emerge in the interscalene triangle, they carry with them a sheath of the fascia, which extends into the axilla and is called the _____.

A

axillary sheath

75
Q

4 cervical ligaments

A

Stylohyoid ligament
Stylomandibular ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
Pterygomandibular ligament (raphe)

76
Q

Connects the styloid process to the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone

A

Stylohyoid ligament

77
Q

Connects the styloid process to the angle of the mandible

A

Stylomandibular ligament

78
Q

Connects the spine of the sphenoid bone to the lingula of the mandible

A

Sphenomandibular ligament

79
Q

Connects the hamular process of the medial pterygoid plate to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible.

A

Pterygomandibular ligament

80
Q

It gives attachment to the superior constrictor and the buccinator muscles

A

Pterygomandibular ligament (raphe)

81
Q

Fascial Spaces

A

visceral, retropharyngeal, submandibular, and
masticatory spaces

82
Q

an acute infection of the submandibular fascial space
and is commonly secondary to dental infection.

A

Ludwig angina

83
Q

can result in liquefaction and destruction of one or more of the nodes

A

Tuberculous infection of the deep cervical lymph nodes

84
Q

The _____ muscle is a key structure to
understanding the root of the neck

A

scalenus anterior

85
Q

The right subclavian artery arises from the _____ behind the right sternoclavicular joint

A

brachiocephalic artery

86
Q

The right subclavian artery passes upward and laterally as a gentle curve behind the scalenus anterior muscle, and at the outer border of the first rib, it becomes the _____

A

axillary artery

87
Q

The left subclavian artery arises from the ____ in the thorax.

A

arch of the aorta

88
Q

The subclavian vein begins at the outer border of the first rib as a continuation of the ___

A

axillary vein

89
Q

At the medial border of the scalenus
anterior, the subclavian vein joins the internal jugular vein to form the ___

A

brachiocephalic vein

90
Q

The thoracic duct begins in the abdomen at the upper end of the ___

A

cisterna chyli

91
Q

The cervical dome of the pleura and the apex of the lung are covered by the _____, they lie behind the subclavian artery.

A

suprapleural membrane

GEN ANA (2 decks)

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