Neck

Question 1

Platysma

Answer 1

Origin: fascia covering superior part of the pectoralis major

Insertion: base of the mandible, skin of the lower part of the face

Action: assist to depress the mandible; tighten the fascia of the neck; draw down corner of the mouth

Nerve: facial nerve (XII)

Question 2

Sternocleidmastoid

Answer 2

Origin: sternal head - top of manubrium; clavicular head - medial clavicle

Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of the occiput

Action:

• unilaterally: laterally flex head and neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite head
• bilaterally: elevate ribs during inhalation, flex head and neck

Nerve: spinal accessory nerve (XI) C2, C3

Question 3

Anterior Scalene

Answer 3

Origin: transverse processes of third to sixth cervical vertebrate

Insertion: 1st rib

Action:

• unilaterally: with the ribs fixed, laterally flex head and neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite head
• bilaterally: elevate ribs during inhalation, flex head and neck

Nerve: C3, 4-8

Question 4

Posterior Scalene

Answer 4

Origin: transverse processes of sixth and seventh cervical vertebrate

Insertion: 2nd rib

Action:

• unilaterally: with the ribs fixed, laterally flex head and neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite head
• bilaterally: elevate ribs during inhalation

Nerve: C3, 4-8

Question 5

Middle Scalene

Answer 5

Origin: transverse processes of second to seventh cervical vertebrate

Insertion: 1st rib

Action:

• unilaterally: with the ribs fixed, laterally flex head and neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite head
• bilaterally: elevate ribs during inhalation

Nerve: C3, 4-8

Question 6

Splenius capitis

Answer 6

Origin: ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T4

Insertion: mastoid process and superior nuchal line of occiput

Action:

• unilaterally: rotate and laterally flex head and neck to same side
• bilaterally: extend head and neck

Nerve: cervical nerves

Question 7

Splenius Cervicis

Answer 7

Origin: spinous processes of T3-T6

Insertion: transverse process of C1-C3

Action:

• unilaterally: rotate and laterally flex head and neck to same side
• bilaterally: extend head and neck

Nerve: cervical nerves

Question 8

Semispinalis capitis

Answer 8

Origin: transverse processes of C4-T5

Insertion: between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of occiput

Action: extend vertebral column and head

Nerve: cervical nerves

Question 9

Semispinalis cervicis

Answer 9

Origin: transverse processes of T1-T5

Insertion: spinous processes of C1-C5

Action: extend vertebral column

Nerve: cervical nerves

Question 10

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

Answer 10

Origin: spinous process of axis (C2)

Insertion: inferior nuchal line of occiput

Action: rock and tilt head back in extension; rotate head to same side

Nerve: suboccipital nerve

Question 11

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Answer 11

Origin: tubercle of posterior arch of atlas (C1)

Insertion: inferior nuchal line of occiput

Action: rock and tilt head back in extension

Nerve: suboccipital nerve

Question 12

Oblique Capitis Superior

Answer 12

Origin: transverse process of atlas (C1)

Insertion: between nuchal lines of occiput

Action: rock and tilt head back into extension; laterally flex head to same side

Nerve: suboccipital nerve

Question 13

Oblique Capitis Inferior

Answer 13

Origin: spinous process of axis (C2)

Insertion: transverse process of atlas (C1)

Action: rotate head to same side

Nerve: suboccipital nerve