Neonatal Flash notes Flashcards
causes of early jaundice (less than 24 hours)
haemoloytic dsease (rh incompatibility, ABO incompatibility, G6PD)
TORCH (congenital infection)
causes of prolonged jaundice (over 2 weeks)
breast milk jaundice
physiological jaundice
sepsis (usually from UTI)
biliary atresia
how do you test for jaundice in a child?
Do a SPLIT bilirubin test
FBC
LFTs
reticulocyte count (haemolysis)
coomb’s test
TFTs
urine culture
phototherapy
turns unconjugated bilirubin into water soluble bilirubin so it can be excreted
why use phototherapy?
to prevent Kernicterus
what is Kernicterus?
unconjugated deposits of bilirubin in the brain
reduced feeding, irritability, seizures
cerebral palsy
deafness
Neonatal respiratory distress signs and symptoms:
high RR
chest wall recession
grunting groan on expiration
cyanosis
causes of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
respiratory distress syndrome
TTN (transient tachypnoea of the newborn)
meconium aspiration
pulmonary bronchial dysplasia
neonatal hypoglycaemia causes
maternal diabetes (increased glucose so increased compensatory insulin)
premature
infection (increased glucose use)
hypothyroidism
congenital insulinaemia
signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia in babies
lethargy
seizures
vomiting
respiratory distress
cyanosis
what are some of the causes of ‘floppy baby’
hypoxic - ischaemic encephalopathy
cerebral palsy
genetics (down syndrome)
sepsis
hypoglycaemia
causes of neonatal seizures
hypoglycaemia
electrolyte abnormalities
CNS infection
kernicterus
hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
necrotising enterocolitis
bowel necrosis from unknown cause (usually in premature babies)
stop feeds, give NG tube and antibiotics
