Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MBBS 3: Pediatrics > Neonatal Sepsis > Flashcards

Neonatal Sepsis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common systemic infections in young infants?

A
  1. sepsis
  2. pneumonia
  3. UTI
  4. meningitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is neonatal sepsis?

A

is a clinical syndrome of systemic illness accompanied by bacteraemia
- these are classified as early or late

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Common bacterial infections include?

A
  1. Streptococcus Pneumonia-Group B
  2. Staphylococcus
  3. E.coli
    Note: Fungal infections can also cause sepsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Maternal predisposing factors for early bacterial sepsis are?

A
  1. Intrapartum maternal fever during labour
  2. Foul smelling amniotic fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Predisposing labour and delivery factors for bacterial sepsis are?

A
  1. Prolonged Rupture of Membranes
  2. Spontaneous Prematurity
  3. Born before arrival
  4. UTIs
  5. Unsterile birthing environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical symptoms of neonatal sepsis?

A
  1. lethargic
  2. little movement
  3. irritable
  4. seizures
  5. vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ABCCCD clinical signs of neonatal sepsis?

A
  1. grunting, nasal flaring, fast breathing, chest in drawing
  2. crepitations in the lungs
  3. impaired circulation or shock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TPR signs of neonatal sepsis?

A
  1. axillary temperature 37.5 degrees or above (or feels hot to touch) or temperature less than 35.5. degrees
  2. fast pulse rate, fast heart rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clinical signs found in head to toe exam?

A
  1. bulging fontanelle
  2. umbilical redness extending to periumbical skin or umbilicus draining pus
  3. many skin pustules/big boil (abscess)
  4. painful joint, joint swelling, reduced movement and irritability if these parts are handled
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Supportive management?

A
  1. Ensure warmth
  2. Gentle stimulation if apnoeic
  3. Respiratory support with oxygen or CPAP if there is severe respiratory distress or oxygen saturations less than 90%
  4. If hypoglycaemic, infuse 2mls/kg of 10% dextrose stat
  5. Give vitamin K if not received already
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Septic screening?

A
  1. Lumbar puncture if available, before IV antibiotics
  2. Blood culture, if available, before IV antibiotics
  3. Urine culture if available
  4. FBC: WBC < 5000 or > 20,000/cu mm suggests sepsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antibiotic management of neonatal sepsis?

A
  1. penicillin
  2. cloxacillin
  3. gentamicin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rapid assessment of circulation in shock?

A
  1. Cold feet or hands?
  2. Capillary refill time > 3 seconds?
    - This is the most reliable sign
  3. Fast weak pulse?
  4. Not alert?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Assessment of dehydration, anemia and malnutrition in shock?

A
  1. Sunken eyes
  2. Decreased skin turgor?
  3. Pallor
  4. Severe wasting/Oedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Steps in Management of shock in neonatal sepsis?

A
  1. insert IV and begin giving fluids
  2. start broad spectrum antibiotics
  3. if lethargic or unconsious check glucose
    - if low give IV dextrose?
  4. give oxygen, make sure child is warm
  5. if bleeding apply pressure to stop it
  6. send blood for group and cross match if baby has bled e.g. from umbilicus, transfuse quickly
  7. if improvement with fluid bolus observe and continue fluids at maintenance rate and give additional if losses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fluid management for shock with impaired circulation but no dehydration/anemia in neonatal sepsis?

A
  1. give 10 mls/kg of Ringers Lactate slowly
    - over one hour: fast bolus may do harm
    - if still has severely impaired circulation after reassesment repeat bolus
  2. after 2 boluses (20 mls/kg in total) consider blood transfusion if still shocked
    - use 20 mls/kg of whole blood or 10 mls/kg of packed cells
  3. consider CPAP if the respiratory rate has increased from baseline during the boluses
    - as babies may get pulmonary edema
17
Q

Management of shock and severe anemia?

A
  1. keep warm
  2. place on oxygen
  3. establish vascular access
18
Q

Fluid management for shock and severe anemia (HB < 5)?

A
  1. give maintenance fluid while awaiting or blood
  2. 20 mls/kg whole blood over 3-4 hours
  3. monitor vital signs every 15 minutes
  4. if signs of volume overload give 1 mg/kg Frusemide IV
19
Q

Fluid management of shock and malnutrition?

A
20
Q

Fluid management of shock and trauma?

A

MBBS 3: Pediatrics (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions